Child Psychology

Here is PPt for both BDS and MDS Students

1. CHILD PSYCHOLOGY Dr..Santwana Tripathy Department of Pedodontics and preventive dentistry

2. Introduction • What is Psychology ? Science dealing with human nature, function and phenomenon of his soul in the main • What is Child Psychology ?? Science or study of child’s mind and how it functions

3. Importance of Child Psychology To better understand the child To know the problem of psychological origin To deliver dental sciences in a meaningful and effective manner To establish effective communication with the child To gain confidence of child and parents To teach child and parent importance of primary and preventive care To have a better Rx planning and interaction To produce a comfortable environment for dental team to work on the patient

4. THEORIES OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY A] Psychodynamic theories 1.Psychosexual/Psychoanalytic theory – Sigmund Freud (1905) 2.Cognitive theory – Jean Piaget (1952) 3.Psychosocial theory – Erik Erickson (1963)

5. THEORIES OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY B] Theories of learning and behavior development 1. Classical conditioning – Pavlov (1927) 2. Operant conditioning – Skinner (1938) 3. Hierarchy of needs – Maslow (1954) 4. Social learning theory – Bandura (1963)

6. Psychoanalytic Theory By Sigmund Freud in 1905 Personality to originate from biological roots, as a result of satisfaction of asset of instincts of which sexual instinct being most important Categorized into 5 psychosexual stages

7. 1) ID Basic structure of personality, reservoir of instincts Based on pleasure principle Features of id Present at birth Impulse ridden (instinctual) Strive for immediate pleasure and gratification Selfish and cannot withstand pain If retained – aggressive personality

8. 2) EGO Mediator between ID and Super ego Develops out of ID in the 2nd to 6th month of life Based on reality principle It modifies the ID and form the executive part of the personality Concerned with memory and judgment Seat of consciousness It is the actual reality we experience

9. 3) SUPEREGO Acts as a censor for acceptability of thoughts, feelings and behavior It is determined by the restrictions imposed by the parents , society and culture, i.e. morals and ethics It is developed by initial reward and punishment. Proper parenting is important

10. COGNITIVE THEORY By Jean Piaget in 1952 Survival of the fittest and the most adaptable is the driving force for development. Cognitive development is the interaction between the individual and the environment

11. Psychosocial Theory

12. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING By Ivan Pavlov in 1927 Based on stimulus reflex response (an involuntary response to an external stimuli) When two events ,observed to occur together ( proximity in time and space),will tend to be associated or paired together by the observer(pairing of initial and neutral stimuli ).

13. Generalization Process of conditioning is evoked by a band of stimuli centered around a specific conditioned stimulus. Thus a test stimulus similar to training stimulus results in response. Extinction If reinforcement does not occur results in extinction of the fear . Discrimination It is opposite of generalization. If the child is exposed to clinical setting which are different, child learns to discriminate between the two clinics and even the generalized response to any office will extinguish

14. OPERANT CONDITIONING Skinner in 1938 • The consequence of behavior itself acts as a stimulus and affect future behavior Operant : behavior that operates or controls the environment

15. 1. Positive reinforcement Occurs if a pleasant consequence follows the response e.g., a child rewarded for good behavior following dental treatment . 2. Negative reinforcement •Involves removal of unpleasant stimulus following a response , e.g., if the parent gives into the temper tantrums thrown by the child, he reinforces this behavior .

16. 3. Omission Refer to removal of the pleasant response after a particular response e.g., if the child misbehaves during dental procedure. If it’s favorite toy is taken away for short time resulting in the omission of the undesirable behavior . 4. Punishment Involves introduction of an aversive stimulus into a situation to decrease the undesirable behavior , e.g ., use of parental rake in correction of tongue thrusting habit.

17. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

18. SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

19. THANK YOU