Childhood autism or autism spectrum disorder

Autism

1. CLASS PRESENTATION ON AUTISM PRESENTED BY: SUSMITA BRAHMA 2 ND YEAR P.B.BSC NURSING STUDENT

2. INTRODUCTION : Autism or autistic spectrum disorder , refers to a range of condition characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviour ,speech and nonverbal communication as well as by unique strength & differences.

3. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW : First described by Leo kanner in 1943 as early infantile as autism . “Auto” – children are “lacked with themselves”. For next 30 years , considered to be an emotional disturbance.

4. DEFINITION : Autism defined by presence of abnormal and or impaired development that is manifest before the age of 3 years , characterized by abnormalities of social development, communication & a restriction of behaviour & interest.

5. TYPES OF AUTISM: Asperger’s disorder Kanner’s syndrome Pervasive Developmental Disorders-Not otherwise specified(PDD-NOS) RETT Syndrome Childhood autism

6. CHILDHOOD AUTISM: Childhood autism is a complex neurobehavioral disorder that includes impairments in social interaction,verbal and nonverbal Communication combined with restricted & repetative behaviour.

7. EPIDEMIOLOGY: Prevalence is 4-5/10,000 in children under 16 years of age. Male & female ratio – 4 or 5 : 1 The disorder is evenly distributed across all socio-economic classes.

8. PREDISPOSING FACTOR

9. ETIOLOGY

10. CHARACTERICTICS: Inappropriate response to environment. Pronounced impairment in language, communication & social interaction. Repetative interest & behaviour. Disorder thinking.

11. Cont. Difficulty understanding feelings of others & world around him. Repetative ,self injuries or other abnormal behaviours.

12. CLINICAL PICTURE : Behavioural characteristics Communication & Language Activities Other featurs

13. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History taking Mental status examination Standarize rating scale Genetic & neurologic test Developmental screenings

14. Cont. Interview with the parents to seen information about the child’s behaviour & early development. After all evaluation & testing diagnosis is based on clear evidence .

15. COURSE & PROGNOSIS : Long course & guarded pronosis . About 10-20% autistic children begin to improve between 4 to 6 yrs. 10-20% can live at home but need to attend a special School or training center .

16. Cont. 60% improve little & are unable to lead an independent life , mostly needing long term residential care. Those who improve may continue to show language problem,emotional coldness and odd behaviour.

17. TREATMENT: Pharmacotherapy Antipsychotic SSRI Mood stabilizer Antileptics

18. BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY :

19. SPECIAL SCHOOLING:

20. COUNSELING & SUPPORTIVE THERAPY

21. HOME CARE:

22. OTHERS MEASURE: Maintain regular routine Positive Reinforcement Teach about self care skill Speech therapy

23. COMPLICATION : Epileptic seizure

24. Cont. School problem

25. Cont. Social isolation

26. NURSING ASSESSMENT Cognition level Language ability Communication skill Stages of social development Psychosocial factor Asociated medical condition

27. Nursing diagnosis Impaired social interaction related to delayed development of secure attachment & altered behaviour expression indicating degree of attachment, abnormal response to sensory disturbance,ego development,lack of initiative skill as evidence by observation of child.

28. Cont. Impaired verbal communication related to neurological impairment, withdrawal into self, inability to trust others as evidence by lack of interactive communication. Risk for self mutilation related to neurological impairment, inability to trust ,abnormal sensory development.

29. Conclusion Autism affects millions of people and they suffer various problems but with proper care,therapies and medication help them maintain good life.