CHILLED BEAM

A chilled beam is a type of convection heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system designed to heat or cool large buildings.It is now regarded as the most space efficient and environmental friendly method of heating and cooling a building.The primary advantage of the chilled beam system is its lower operating cost.Chilled beams reduce energy consumption.It is now regarded as the most space efficient and environmental friendly method of heating and cooling a building.It improves the comfort levels by cutting out the intrusive noise and aesthetic problems.It provides good energy efficiency and reduction in carbon dioxide emission. Since they do not require high forced air flows, chilled beam systems also require reduced air distribution duct network.

1. CHILLED BEAM GUIDED BY: Ms. Meera G Mohan Assistant Professor(Civil) SBCE PRESENTED BY: Neelima Suresh J Roll No : 39 1

2. OVERVIEW Introduction Literature review Components of chilled beam Types of chilled beam Advantages of chilled beam Disadvantages of chilled beam Case study 1 Case study 2 Conclusion 2

3. INTRODUCTION A chilled beam is a type of convection HVAC system designed to heat or cool large buildings Developed in Norway in 1975 Emerging technology in the U.S. as an alternative to conventional systems such as VAV Primarily used in locations where the humidity can be controlled 3

4. LITERATURE REVIEW SL NO. TITLE AUTHOR, YEAR CONTRIBUTION 1 Chilled Beams Selection Dan int-hout and W.Lilli , 2014 Describes the process for selecting chilled beams. 2 Applying chilled beams to reduce building total carbon footprint Tim Dwyer, 2014 Applications of chilled beams for energy and carbon reduction 3 Chilled Beams Performance Research John Tomkin,2013 Analysed the performance of hvac system. 4 Chilled beam study claims potential for 20 per cent energy savings over fan coils Andrew Gaved,2013 Shows a major energy benefit for the technology against other systems 4

5. COMPONENTS OF CHILLED BEAM 1) Air handling units Major component within any chilled beam or chilled ceiling system Role - to clean and condition the air as it enters the building Distribute it through the terminal devices 5

6. 2) Mixing boxes Dampers are used in mixing boxes to regulate the mixture of fresh air and re-circulated air 3) Coils Heat exchangers designed to transfer the energy from a medium (usually water) to the air Individual coils for heating and cooling 6 COMPONENTS OF CHILLED BEAM (contd..)

7. TYPES OF CHILLED BEAMS Active chilled beams Passive chilled beams Multi purpose chilled beams 7

8. ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS Have ductwork supplied to them Through duct work specific amount of primary air is provided to the pressurized plenum within the device The air is discharged through induction nozzles Mix with entrained air, and ventilate the room 8

9. 9 Fig.1 Active chilled beam (Source: John Murphy -understanding Chilled Beam Systems,2012)

10. OPERATION OF ACTIVE CHILLED BEAM Fresh air from the air handler via duct work is supplied into the pressure chamber Pressure in the chamber causes the air to rush out through the nozzles at a high velocity into the mixing chamber Due to nature of the nozzles, a low pressure system is created above the coil 10

11. Inducing more air through the coil into the mixing chamber Conditioned air from the space mixes with the fresh air Supplied back into the room through linear slots located along the casing of the beam The air gets supplied back to the space through the linear slots at a higher velocity and at its coldest state 11 OPERATION OF ACTIVE CHILLED BEAM (contd…)

12. 12 Fig .2. Gordon House renovated using chilled beam (Source: claremoorearchitect.blogspot )

13. PASSIVE CHILLED BEAMS Chilled beams work using natural convection Good air circulation is essential for the operation of passive chilled beams Good solution to provide sensible cooling in labs or other spaces where processes generate high heat 13

14. 14 Fig.3 Passive chilled beam (Source: John Murphy -understanding Chilled Beam Systems,2012 )

15. OPERATION OF PASSIVE CHILLED BEAM Arranged at regular intervals along the ceiling plane to provide uniform cooling to the occupied space below Consists of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger, contained in a housing , that is suspended from the ceiling Chilled water passes through the tubes 15

16. Warm air from the space rises toward the ceiling The air surrounding the chilled beam is cooled It descend back toward the floor This allows a passive chilled beam to provide space cooling without the use of a fan 16 OPERATION OF PASSIVE CHILLED BEAM (contd…)

17. Fig .4  Peabody Hall renovated with passive chilled beam (Source: Chilled beams maintain comfort, look of historic hall-SEMCO) 17

18. MULTI-SERVICE CHILLED BEAMS Comes in both passive and active types Incorporate other building systems into the beam in a prefabricated unit This prefabricated unit can be brought to the project site Reduces the amount of time required to install all the building systems 18

19. MULTI-SERVICE CHILLED BEAMS (Contd…) Light fixtures and controls, speakers, occupancy sensors, smoke detectors, and even fire sprinklers can be incorporated into the beam The site delivery can be regulated to site requirements Reduces the total amount of space required for onsite storage Enables rapid installation and services connections with a major saving in onsite time 19

20. 20 Fig.5 Multiservice chilled beam (Source: An Introduction to Chilled Beams and Ceilings,2012 )

21. 21 Fig.6. Multiservice chilled beam (Source: An Introduction to Chilled Beams and Ceilings,2012 )

22. ADVANTAGES OF CHILLED BEAM Quieter than air based HVAC systems due to the lack of moving parts and slower air velocities Maintenance is also reduced due to the lack of moving parts High indoor air quality resulting from air recirculated within the zone versus mixed air from other zones Lower energy consumption 22

23. Space savings resulting from reduced ductwork size This air conditioning unit provides excellent thermal comfort with good energy efficiency Lower operation costs throughout the lifecycle of the building 23 ADVANTAGES OF CHILLED BEAM (Contd…)

24. DISADVANTAGES OF CHILLED BEAM Initial cost of chilled beams is typically higher than when compared to other all air systems Chilled beams require more ceiling area than diffusers of a conventional system 24

25. CASE STUDY 1 RENOVATION OF AN INDUCTION SYSTEM WITH ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS 25

26. CASE STUDY 1(contd…) 250 S. Wacker in Chicago is a multi-tenant 15 story office tower The first and top floors had dedicated HVAC systems separate from the system serving the 2nd through 14th floors These intermediate floors had a floor-mounted induction perimeter system and a constant volume-variable temperature interior system 26

27. CASE STUDY 1(contd…) The existing induction units and enclosures would have to be replaced as they were at the end of their useful life 27 Fig.7. 250 S. Wacker chicago (Source: Renovation of an induction system with active chilled beams, air/pro associates )

28. 28 COMPARISON Perimeter System Existing Induction Active Chilled Beam Design Cooling Load 262 tons (382 sq. ft./ton) 156 tons (641 sq. ft./ton) Primary Airflow  from Central AHUs 47,135 CFM (0.47 CFM/sq. ft.) 31,760 CFM (0.32 CFM/sq. ft.) Fan Energy at 100% of Design 64 kW 22 kW Pump Energy 28 kW 12 kW Table 1. Comparison before and after renovation

29. CASE STUDY 2 UC DAVIS SEGUNDO STUDENT SERVICES CENTER 29

30. CASE STUDY 2(contd…) It is a new 34,500 square foot community center/ administrative center Located within the Segundo Precinct of the University of California – Davis campus 30

31. CASE STUDY 2(contd…) ENERGY EFFICIENCY The project was able to achieve 42.3% energy savings Heat recovery and direct evaporative cooling systems on the main air handling unit Chilled beam-VAV system: AHU was used to provide primary air to the chilled beams for the perimeter spaces 31

32. CASE STUDY 2(contd…) ENERGY EFFICIENCY (contd…) Demand control ventilation strategy which was possible by having a VAV box upstream of the chilled beams High performance glazing systems with integrated shading systems Thermally broken insulating wall system 32

33. CASE STUDY 2(contd…) INDOOR AIR QUALITY The chilled beam system operates close to the outdoor air requirements for occupancy This allowed the design to be based on 100% outside air The internal spaces had their cooling airflows close to the outdoor air requirement which allowed them to be fed from the same unit 33

34. CASE STUDY 2(contd…) COST EFFECTIVENESS The energy efficiency measures and innovative systems selected proved to be very cost effective ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT The Segundo Service Center was able to reduce invasive piping and energy consumption  34

35. CASE STUDY 2(contd…) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (contd..) The building was able to achieve an annual CO2 reduction of 241.8 metric tons 35

36. 36 Fig.8. Uc davis segundo student services centre (Source: Case study on uc davis segundo student services center, guttmann and blaevoet)

37. CONCLUSION Chilled beams remove large amounts of sensible heat Active chilled beam reduces primary air flow requirement The lifecycle cost of chilled beam system is lower than in other cooling systems The energy consumption of beam system is low The chilled beam system reduces carbon dioxide emission to a greater extent 37

38. REFERENCES Chilled Beam System Market by Design (Active, Passive, & Multi-Service) worth $406.8 Million by 2020, digital journal , June 2015. Dan int-hout and W.Lilli , Chilled Beams Selection , ASHRAE Journal , November 2014, Vol. 56 Issue 11, page58. Chilled Beams Performance Research- Ceiling the Deal, CIBSE Journal, November 2013, page 21. CBCA article on An Introduction to Chilled Beams and Ceilings, RAC Journal February2013, page 16. Chilled beam study claims potential for 20% energy savings over fan coils - RAC Journal, Augest2013 38

39. 39 THANK YOU