CHINESE GARDEN.pptx

detailed information about chinese garden including their design elements , timeline, classification and small case study on shanghai garden

1. CHINESE GARDEN SUBMITTED TO : AR. GUNJAN TYAGI AR. BATUL ZAINAB SUBMITTED BY: ANUSHKA SINGH DIVYANSHU SINGH CHINKI SHARMA ARPITA AGGARWAL KRITIKA MISHRA JYOTI KUMARI

2. Introduction At the beginning of eastern civilization, a form of religion based on animist beliefs developed. The mountains, sky, seas, rivers and rocks were materialized spirits to be honoured. From this background a Chinese philosopher, Lao Tzu, began to teach Taoism which taught people to integrate themselves with the rhythms of life. This resulted in the importance of good manners towards nature and human beings. Concept The Taoist beliefs led Chinese to take much pleasure in the calming landscapes of their natural environment and eventually emulate these scenes so they were closer to hand. This was achieved through the creation of landscape paintings to view or by creating imitation landscapes some of which were on a very large scale A stone sculpture of Lao Tzu, located north of Quanzhou at the foot of Mount Qingyuan. CHINESE GARDEN

3. YEAR RANGE KEY DEVELOPMENTS       Ancient China   Emergence of traditional gardens     Gardens designed for emperors     Use of natural elements (rocks,water, plants) in garden design     Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE)   Introduction of courtyard gardens     Integration of poetry and art into garden design   Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE)   Expansion of private gardens     Focus on symbolism and harmony in garden layout   Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 CE)   Influence of Buddhism on gardens     Development of imperial gardens     Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE)   Resurgence of traditional gardens     Development of classical scholars' gardens       Qing Dynasty (1644-1912 CE)   Elaborate imperial gardens     Fusion of Chinese and Western design elements       Modern Era (20th century onwards)   Preservation and restoration of historic gardens     Incorporation of modern sustainability principles     Present Day   Continued development of Chinese gardens in various styles and contexts TIMELINE

4. Design Philosophy Chinese garden may be viewed as a miniature of the Chinese landscape. Nature is loved and held in highest honour in Chinese art, but this does not mean that the nature must be simply "duplicated" in its original form. The main principle of Chinese garden art is to recreate nature, to present its essence without an artificial effect. The recreation must be based on profound observation and a deep understanding of the nature. The design of Chinese garden is a process of abstraction and stylization of the existing landscape. The aim of creating a natural form in Chinese garden is to celebrate the human spirit. Characteristics of Design In the Chinese garden, the garden scenes are concealed inside different scenic sections, thus, they only can be revealed in sequence along the paths. The paths in a Chinese garden are usually constructed with varying widths or paved with different pavement materials to give the beholders the different senses of experience: construction, roughness, release, and smoothness. The scenic spots in the private Chinese gardens are built for static and dynamic viewing, and lingering observation. Thus, a scene in a private Chinese garden was designed for viewing from a number of observation points and angles. Every scenic section should have its own landscape character, but the garden as whole must be unified under a central theme. Walls were the most common means of demarcating one spatial segment from another.

5. Elements of Chinese Garden There 6 main elements of a Chinese Garden: Rocks Water Vegetation Pathways Bridges Garden Rocks: The stone loving of the Chinese stems from the magical views of the Chinese five holy mountains , which seems to have played an important role in the Taoist anchoritism. Rock was valued for its bumps, furrows and hollows, and for the colour and texture of its surface. In Chinese gardens, artificial mountains are also function as space-dividing structural components. The sculptural Taihu rock is especially prized because it represents wisdom and immortality, and is only procurable from Tai Lake, just west of Suzhou. "The Chinese word for landscape, shan shui, literally means "mountains and waters" while a common phrase for making a garden means "digging ponds and piling mountains". ROCKS WATER VEGETATION PATHWAY BRIDGE GARDEN

6. Elements of Chinese Garden There 6 main elements of a Chinese Garden: Rocks Water Vegetation Pathways Bridges Garden ROCKS WATER VEGETATION PATHWAY BRIDGE GARDEN Water Mountains and water complement each other in the Chinese arts. Water serves as peaceful opposition and balance to mountain scenery, and is regarded as the absolutely necessary element to represent the totality of nature in perfect harmony. Water was also used for providing listening satisfaction in the Chinese private gardens. Watercourses were never shaped into any unnatural geometrical patterns in the Chinese private garden. A water fountain is never found in the private Chinese garden. Physically water absorbs the heat and adjust the microclimate during the warm seasons.

7. Elements of Chinese Garden There 6 main elements of a Chinese Garden: Rocks Water Vegetation Pathways Bridges Garden ROCKS WATER VEGETATION PATHWAY BRIDGE GARDEN Vegetation Trees and flowers, especially in private gardens, are carefully selected for the overall layout of the gardens, because of the limited space. Unlike other gardens, Chinese gardens incorporate minimal variety of plants and trees in a single garden. Everything in a Chinese garden seems to have an inner meaning, Including the plants. Trees and shrubs are planted in more naturalistic arrangements perhaps pure stands or In association with a special rock Sparse plantings of seasonal flowers are scattered about but will never be found in geometric arrangements again the objective is to achieve a stylized, naturalistic feel. Western gardens tend to have a profusion of plantings whereas the Chinese garden style is more minimal. Lawn is used least in the private Chinese garden, for its beauty is best perceived with inexhaustible sight ranges, and contradicts the private Chinese garden design principle of avoiding total exposure of everything at a glance

8. Elements of Chinese Garden There 6 main elements of a Chinese Garden: Rocks Water Vegetation Pathways Bridges Garden ROCKS WATER VEGETATION PATHWAY BRIDGE GARDEN Symbolism in Vegetation Most commonly used plants and trees: Lotus- perfection Peach-longevity Pine- age, silence and solitude Mulberry-human activity/toil Bamboo- strength and resilience Peony-wealth· Chrysanthemum- the courage to make peach- promise of spring flowering Plum-renewal and strength of will (very important plant to include in the garden and highly symbolic) PEONY AZALEA PLUM LOTUSES

9. Elements of Chinese Garden There 6 main elements of a Chinese Garden: Rocks Water Vegetation Pathways Bridges Garden ROCKS WATER VEGETATION PATHWAY BRIDGE GARDEN Pathways Paths are constructed to accentuate the changing scenes and views into the garden and beyond. Paths in Chinese gardens are often uneven and zigzag. The paths are Like the passages of a human life. There is always something new or different when seen from a different angle, while the future is unknown and unpredictable. Paths may also link to the beauty of scroll paintings where the landscape is revealed not in one hit but in a succession of views. The path may be covered in stone, pebbles or tiles. Or it might be swept clean and interspersed with patches of moss or other low ground covers.

10. Elements of Chinese Garden There 6 main elements of a Chinese Garden: Rocks Water Vegetation Pathways Bridges Garden ROCKS WATER VEGETATION PATHWAY BRIDGE GARDEN Bridge The bridge connects the two different vistas in the Chinese garden. These are also constructed as a symbol of contrast against the moving water. The half moon cavity under the bridge, which gets completed after the reflection on the water surface follows the principle of harmony and balance.

11. Elements of Chinese Garden There 6 main elements of a Chinese Garden: Rocks Water Vegetation Pathways Bridges Garden ROCKS WATER VEGETATION PATHWAY BRIDGE GARDEN Garden Structures Among the most ground are walkways, pavilions, and bridges. Timber frame construction plays a decisive role here. Pavilion-like houses have neither a harsh nor dominant effect, but rather bend effortlessly into their general surroundings. More specifically, we can divide the structures in classical Chinese gardens into the following: Lobby, Corridor, Parlour, Waterside Kiosk, Storied Chamber, Bridge, Storied Pavilion, Pagoda, Kiosk, Wall.

12. CLASSIFICATION OF CHINESE GARDENS IMPERIAL STYLE CHINESE GARDEN SCHOLARLY STYLE CHINESE GARDEN

13. IMPERIAL STYLE CHINESE GARDEN SCHOLARLY STYLE CHINESE GARDEN Imperial gardens were created for emperors and the imperial family, emphasizing grandeur, symbolism, and formal layouts. These gardens were often associated with palaces and served as extensions of the imperial residences. Symmetry : Imperial gardens are typically highly symmetrical. The central axis is a dominant feature, with buildings, pavilions, and water features aligned along this axis. Large-Scale Design : Imperial gardens are expansive and often cover vast areas, showcasing the power and wealth of the ruling dynasty. Pavilions and Halls : Elaborate pavilions and halls are scattered throughout the garden. These structures serve as places for relaxation, entertainment, and appreciation of the scenery. Water Features : Water plays a central role in imperial gardens. Large ponds, lakes, and meandering streams are common. These bodies of water symbolize tranquility and balance. Rockeries : Man-made rockeries are carefully crafted to resemble natural landscapes. Plantings : Imperial gardens feature carefully manicured vegetation, including ancient trees, rare plants, and meticulously pruned bonsai. Symbolism : Imperial gardens incorporate various symbolic elements, such as numerology, mythology, and references to historical events, to convey deep cultural and political meanings. Scholarly gardens , also known as classical Chinese gardens, were designed for intellectuals, scholars, and poets. These gardens prioritize philosophical and artistic expression over grandeur. Asymmetry : Unlike imperial gardens, classical Chinese gardens often embrace asymmetry to create a more natural and relaxed atmosphere. Small-Scale Design : These gardens are often smaller in size compared to imperial gardens, with a focus on intricate details and intimate spaces. Courtyards : Scholarly gardens are organized into a series of courtyards with winding paths that encourage exploration. Each courtyard may have a unique theme or focus. Pavilions and Studios : These gardens include pavilions and studios where scholars can engage in activities like calligraphy, painting, or poetry writing. Literary and Poetic References : Classical Chinese gardens often incorporate literary and poetic references through inscriptions, stone tablets, and ornamental elements. Rocks and Water : While rocks and water are still essential, they are arranged in a more subtle and naturalistic manner, with an emphasis on creating tranquil spaces for contemplation. Plantings : Carefully chosen plants and trees are integrated into the garden to evoke seasonal changes and provide a sense of harmony with nature.

14. SHANGHAI GARDEN AREA: 30677.14 sq. ft ARCHITECTS: Arc plus Architectural Decoration & Landscape Design Research Institute COMPLETION YEAR: 2018 ORGANIC TYPOLOGY BASED ON CHINESE PHILOSOPHY"HARMONY SHOULD EXISTS BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE“ TO CELEBRATE HUMAN SPIRIT URBAN CHINESE GARDEN (Traditional Essence) SEGREGATION OF SPACES (Harmoniously) Presenting the achievements of horticulture Shanghai Garden presents a harmonious picture of “ the auspicious clouds bring good luck, while the refreshing rain nourishing all creatures” through the techniques of gardening, expressing the blessings for China and the wishes for a better life. The Garden is divided into six areas: Cloud Stairs Cloud Shadow Cloud Clothes Cloud Hill Cloud Nest Cloud Nest

15. CONCEPT "AUSPICIOUS CLOUD” Expressing the blessings and the wishes for a better life Cloud is a symbolic representation of success The auspicious clouds bring good luck Poetic representation of spaces Shanghai garden for landscape architecture involves integrating traditional Chinese garden elements with modern aesthetics and functionality. Shanghai gardens are known for their harmonious blend of nature, architecture, and culture. Here are some key design elements to consider: Overall Layout and Structure: Balance and Symmetry: Use balance and symmetry in the layout, creating a harmonious and pleasing design. Enclosure: Create a sense of enclosure with walls, hedges, or lattice screens to provide a private and tranquil atmosphere. Water Features: Ponds and Lakes: Incorporate water features like ponds, lakes, or streams to symbolize the flow of life and prosperity. Bridges: Add decorative bridges, such as arched or zigzag bridges, to cross over water features. Rocks and Stones: Scholar's Rocks: Place carefully selected and positioned rocks, known as "scholar's rocks," to add a natural and artistic touch. Pebble Mosaics: Use pebbles or small stones to create intricate mosaic patterns on pathways or in courtyards.

16. Shanghai garden for landscape architecture involves integrating traditional Chinese garden elements with modern aesthetics and functionality. Shanghai gardens are known for their harmonious blend of nature, architecture, and culture. Here are some key design elements to consider: 4. Plants and Vegetation: Traditional Plant Selection: Include traditional Chinese plants like bamboo, plum trees, pine trees, and lotus flowers, which hold cultural significance. Bonsai and Topiary: Incorporate bonsai trees and topiary to add elegance and structure. Seasonal Variations: Plan for plants that offer seasonal changes in color and texture. 5.Architecture and Structures: Traditional Pavilions: Design traditional Chinese pavilions with curved roofs and intricate architectural details. Moon Gates: Use moon gates, round doorways, as entrances or decorative elements. Traditional Materials: Employ materials like wood, stone, and clay tiles for an authentic look . 6.Paths and Walkways: Meandering Paths: Create winding paths that encourage exploration and discovery. Stepping Stones: Use stepping stones over ponds or dry riverbeds to guide visitors through the garden. Courtyards: Design open courtyards with seating areas for relaxation and contemplation.