Chinese medicene summarized University of Debrecen

This is for a course I enroled in University for Chinese Medicene. this is the summarized of the course content. This is for a course I enroled in University for Chinese Medicene. this is the summarized of the course content. This is for a course I enroled in University for Chinese Medicene. this is the summarized of the course content.

1. Course Summary
Dr. Mátyás Petró
UD GM, Dept. of Medical Imaging
Traditional Chinese
Medicine as an Intangible
Cultural Heritage

2. Formation of the theoretical system in TCM
•Long-term synthesis of ancient physicians’ experience

岐伯
Qí Bó
司马迁
Sīmǎ Qiān:
史记 – Shǐ jì
秦始皇帝
Qínshǐ Huángdì

黄帝内经
Huángdì Nèijīng
神农本草
Shénnóng
běncǎo

3. Basic characteristics of the theoretical system in TCM
神农本草经 Shénnóng běncǎo jīng
•compilation of oral traditions, written between about 206 BC and 220
AD
•original text no longer exists, but is said to have been composed of
three volumes containing 365 entries
• 120 drugs harmless to humans: lingzhi (ganoderma mushroom),
ginseng, jujube, orange, Chinese cinnamon, cannabis „Noble" or
"upper herbs" (上品). shàng pǐn
•120 items to treat the sick, but have potentially toxic: ginger, peonies
and cucumber. „Human", or "middle herbs" (中品). zhōng pǐn
•125 items with a strong or violent, often poisonous: rhubarb,
different pitted fruits and. „Low herbs" (下品). xià pǐn

4. Formation of the theoretical system in TCM
•黄帝内经 Huángdì Nèijīng (Inner Canon)
•Warring States period (475-221 BC)
•黄帝外经 Huángdì Wàijīng (Outer Canon)
1.素问 sù wèn Plain Questions
2.灵枢 líng shū Spiritual Pivot

5. Formation of the theoretical system in TCM
•First person in China to use
anaesthesia during surgery
•麻沸散 "cannabis boil powder”
•Acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal
•五禽戲; "Exercise of the Five Animals
• tiger, deer, bear, ape and crane.
华佗
Huá Tuó
(145-208 AD)

6. Difference between TCM and Western
Medicine
•A World Creation Myth - 盘古 Pán Gǔ
•his breath turned into the wind and the cloud
•his voice into thunder
•his left eye into the sun while his right eye into the
moon
•his limbs and body into the four poles of the earth and
Five Mountains (Taishan, Huashan, Songshan,
Hengshan Mountain in Shanxi and Hengshan Mountain
in Hunan)
•his blood into rivers and lakes, veins into thoroughfares
•muscle into fertile soil
•skin into flowers and trees
•his teeth and bones into various metal and stones,
marrow into pearls and jewelry
•sweat into rain and shower
•the mites on his body were touched by the wind and
evolved into people

7. Difference between TCM and Western
Medicine
Origin of the difference
Western philosophy
•atomism
•reductive argument
•everything is composed of atoms and void
•nothing they compose really exists
•The only things that really exist are atoms
ricocheting off each other mechanistically in an
otherwise empty void.


Epicurus
341–270 BC

8. Difference between TCM and Western Medicine
•Difference in holism
•Chinese: parts of an original whole
•parts are determined by the whole


•Western: parts are original, primary
•interaction of parts determine the whole
++ + =

9. Visible objects
Theory of Essential Qi
Qi Movement
Entering
Exiting
Accumulating Dispersing
Descending
Ascending

10. Application of Essential Qi in TCM
•Explain origins and physiological activities
•Tissues and organs are composed of qi
•Deficiency is directly related to an organ’s activity
•Influences development and aging
•Body inhales the new, exhales the old qi
•Explain pathological changes
•qi and qi movement fail to keep normal balance
•CLINICAL LINK: listlessness, lassitude, weakness of limbs, dizziness,
spontaneous sweating, susceptibility to cold = qi deficiency. Tx: tonify qi

11. Five physiological systems
Systems Five Zang Six Fu Five
Constituents
Sensory organsMeridians
Cardiac Heart Small InterstineVessels Tongue Heart, Small
Intestine
Hepatic Liver Gallbladder Tendon Eye Liver, Gallbladder
Splenic Spleen Stomach Flesh Mouth Spleen, Stomach
Pulmonary Lung Large IntestineSkin Nose Lung, Large
Intestine
Renal Kidney Bladder Bone Ear and genitalsKidney, Bladder

12. Concept of Yin and Yang
•Two opposite aspects of things or phenomena, interrelated
•Non-philosophical origin:
阴
陰
yīn

阳
陽
yáng
月 yuè
云 yún
日 rì

13. Concept of Yin and Yang
PropertySpace Time TemperatureMoistureStateBrigthnessMotion
yang upward, outward, left, South, heavenday, spring & summerwarm & hot dry lucidbright transformation
into qi,
ascending,
movement,
excitement,
hyper-function
yin downward, inward, right, North, earthnight, autumn & wintercold & cool moist turbiddim accumulation
into
configurations,
descending,
stillness,
inhibition,
degeneration

14. Application of Yin and Yang in TCM
Guiding clinical diagnosis
Items Yang Yin
Color and luster Yellow, red, bright Blue, black, white, dim
Voice and breath Resonant breath, high-pitched voice, talkativeness,
restlessness
Faint breath, low voice, taciturnity, quietness
Pulse conditions (location,
pulsation, rate, shape)
Cun, coming, rapid, floating, large, surging and
slippery
Chi, going, slow, deep, small, thready, choppy
Eight-principle syndrome
differentiation
Exterior syndrome, heat syndrome, excess
syndrome
Interior syndrome, cold syndrome, deficiency
syndrome

15. Concepts of Five Elements
To govern free flow of qi, ascending in motion
Attributed to wood
Liver
To govern blood and vessels, with blood red in color
Attributed to fire
Heart
Generates q from food, descending in motion
Attributed to earthSpleen
To purify and descend
Attributed to metalLung
To govern metabolism of fluids, store essence
Attributed to waterKidney

16. Concepts of Five Elements

17. Five Zang Organs - heart 心(xīn)
•Governing blood and vessels
•ancient anatomical knowledge
•heart qi: the propelling power of the heart to promote blood circulation
•Storing spirit
•神 shén
•exterior manifestation of life activities: figure, posture, complexion, eye contact,
speech, response, respiration
•mental activities
•heart governs the mind
•heart and brain are connected to mental activities
•heart stores spirit so humans can sleep

18. Five Zang Organs - liver 肝 (gān)
Correspondences
•tendon
•manifests in nail
•opening: eyes
•emotion: anger
•fluid: tear
•attached to the gallbladder
•element: wood

19. 1. Essence 精 jīng
Functions
•Reproduction
•Growth and development
•promotes growth and development of fetus (organ
development)
•develops grown body
•kidney essence deficiency leads to developmental
disorders and premature aging
•Generating marrow and blood
•Nourishing the body

20. 2. Qì 气
Classification
1.Original qi
2.Pectoral qi
•consists of food essence and clear qi
•perfusing into heart and lungs
•assists heart, sustains respiratory function
•deficiency: weak breath, unclear speech,
low voice, forceless pulse, blood stasis in
chronic stages
3.Nutritive qi
4.Defensive qi

21. 2. Qì 气
Classification
1.Original qi
2.Pectoral qi
3.Nutritive qi
4.Defensive qi
•circulates outside vessels, mainly distributed to the skin
•generated from vigorous part of food essence
•yang
•protects skin to avoid invasion by exogenous factors
•warms up whole body
•regulates the open and closure of pores and secretion of sweat

22. •经络 (jīng-luò)
channel-collateral
•Flow of Qi and Blood
•Connection b/w viscera and
limbs, external and internal,
lower and upper parts of the
body
Meridians

23. •12 Regular meridians
•Main trunks, running
longitudinally
•Direct connection to the viscera
•Hands: 3 yin + 3 yang
•Feet: 3 yin + 3 yang
Meridians

24. •8 Extraordinary Meridians
•任脉 (Rèn mài) Conception Vessel督脉 (Dū mài) Governor Vessel
•Yin-, Yang Linking, Yin-, Yang Heel, Belt, Thoroughfare Vessels
•Points outside the meridians (extra)
•eg. Taiyang (EX-HN-9)
Meridians

25. Classification of constitutions - Abnormal constitutions
Qi deficient type
Properties
•flaccid muscles
•shortness of breath, low voice
•lassitude, low in spirits
•excessive sweating
•lusterless lips
•introversion, timidness, poor
tolerance for emotional stimuli
•enlarged tongue w/ teeth print
•weak & slow pulse

26. Classification of constitutions - Abnormal constitutions
Yang deficient type
Properties
•white complexion
•obesity, weak muscles
•intolerance to cold, cold feet and
hands
•preference for hot food
•drowsiness
•introversion
•diarrhea, profuse and clear urine
•pale, swollen tongue w/ thick
white coating
•sunken, slow, weak pulse

27. Classification of constitutions - Abnormal constitutions
Yin deficient type
Properties
•thin, tall figure
•feverish sensation in the palms
and soles
•dry mouth, throat and stool
•dizziness, insomnia
•petulant behaviour
•extroversion
•sportiness
•red tongue with little coating
•thin, wiry, rapid pulse

28. Classification of constitutions - Abnormal constitutions
Phlegm - Damp accumulation
Properties
•obesity
•yellowish-gray complexion
•excessive, sticky sweat
•oppression feeling in chest
•profuse phlegm
•swollen upper eyelids
•heavy body
•drowsiness
•preference for fatty and sweet food
•sweet taste or sticky sensation in mouth
•occasional loose stools, scanty, turbid urine
•mild disposition
•enlarged tongue with white greasy coating
•slippery pulse

29. Classification of constitutions - Abnormal constitutions
Qi stagnation
Properties
•introversion and apprehensiveness
•emotional instability
•fullness in chest and hypochondrium
•wandering pain
•belching, painful digestion
•distending pain in chest & breasts
•insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, poor
memory
•pale tongue w/ red tip, thin coating
•wiry & thin pulse

30. Classification of constitutions - Abnormal constitutions
Damp - Heat
Properties
•obesity / emaciation
•grimy, oily face with acne
•red eyes
•bitter taste in mouth, dry mouth
•dysphoria, lassitude
•scanty, dark urine, dry / sticky stools
•profuse menstruation
•edgy temper, irritability
•red tongue w/ yellow, greasy
coating
•slippery and wiry pulse

31. 1. Six Excess Pathogenic Factors
Wind 风 /風 (fēng)
•Spring
•Movement and cause of movement
•Rushing, hurrying
•comes and goes quickly
•Usually accompanied by other Factors
•Light, airy - upper parts
•Inner Wind: Liver - stroke, tinnitus, numbness,
shaking
•Tongue: shaking/deviated/suddenly becomes stiff

32. 2. Six Excess Pathogenic Factors
Cold 寒 hán
•Winter
•Contraction, stoppage of free flow (Qi, blood)
•Feeling cold
•Involves entire body / certain body parts - cold, pale, rigid
•Clear / white fluids, little sweat
•Inner Cold: Yang deficiency - Kidneys
•whole body cold, slow, activity↓ need for sleep↑

33. •Likely to cause blockage, knots, growths, tumors
•Lungs: productive cough
•Heart: impedes Spirit → confusion, stupor, coma,
neurosis
•Meridians and collaterals: paresthesia, muscle
weakness, soft tumors, “plum pit” sensation in the
throat (globus hystericus)
•Tongue: thick, sticky coating
•Pulse: slippery
Pathological products
Phlegm

34. Pathological products
Stagnant Blood
•Etiology
•Trauma
•Bleeding
•Qi stasis
•Cold blocking blood’s path
•Pain unresponsive to heating / massage
•Swelling
•Hard, immobile tumors
•Recurrent bleeding

35. Diagnostics in TCM
Pulse Diagnostics
1.Pulse qualities
2.Pulse-taking method

36. Diagnostics in TCM
Pulse Diagnostics
1.Pulse qualities
2.Pulse-taking method
Three positions
a.“inch” 寸 (cùn)
b.“foot” 关 (guān)
c.“yard” 尺 (chǐ)
Right wrist
(qi-yang)
Left wrist
(blood-yin)
CUN Lungs Heart
GUAN Spleen Liver
CHI Kidney yang Kidney Essence

37. Diagnostics in TCM in practice
Common cold 感冒 (gǎnmào)
Wind-Cold Type:
•mild fever
•chills and shaking
•clear sputum with productive cough
•stiff neck and shoulders

•pulse: superficial, slow
•tongue: shaking, pale, little white coating
•treatment: fresh ginger, black tea, garlic, sweating

38. Diagnostics in TCM in practice
Common cold 感冒 (gǎnmào)
Wind-Heat Type:
•may progress from Wind-Cold Type
•fever dominates
•congested, painful throat
•improductive / yellow cough
•irritability

•pulse: superficial/deep, rapid
•tongue: shaking, deep red, thin, yellow coating
•treatment: pear, orange, lemon, mint green
tea

39. Health preservation
1.Complying with nature
•comply w/ waning and waxing of yin-yang
during the seasons
•nourish yang in spring and summer
•nourish yin in autumn and winter
2.Cultivating mental faculties
3.Moderate work and rest
4.Proper diet
5.Proper living habits

40. Therapeutic Principles
Search for the fundamental of disease in treatment
1.Routine treatment
a.Treat cold with heat
b.Treat heat with cold
c.Treat deficiency with tonifying
d.Treat excess by purging
2.Contrary treatment
3.Treating the fundamental aspect and
incidental aspect

41. Discussion