chitkara--Local Area Planning.pptx

Ppt talks about the various levels of planning, its intent and broad contents with focus on local area planning besides mapping people participation in the planning process to make it more people led/people centric

1. Hierarchy of Physical Planning Jit Kumar Gupta

2. Urban; Rural Settlements - Census of India Two Types of human settlements exist on this planet- Urban and Rural Rural – has no definition   -- As of 2019, there's a total of 664,369 villages, Urban has been defined into – 2 categories-- 7935 towns Statutory towns- When any town has-- municipality, corporation, cantonment board or a notified town area committee- 4061 Census Town-3874--when any settlement has;- - a minimum population of 5,000; - at least 75 per cent of the male working population is engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; - population density is at least 400 people per sq km. - towns has 6 categories – based on population--- upto 4.,999-vi 5000- 9999-v; 10,000- 19,999-iv; 20,000- 49,999-iii; 50,000- 99,999-ii; 1,00,000 and more-I; 1million and plus-Metropolis; 10 million plus- Megapolis

3. Planning typologies in India- administrative , Urban, Rural Planning at National Level- National Planning- Five Year Plans; Annual Plan- R&U Planning at State Level- State Planning- R&U Planning at Regional Level- Regional Planning- R&U Planning at District Level- District Planning- 73 rd CAA-1992- R&U- Aspirational districts Planning at Metropolitan Level- Metropolitan Planning-73 rd CAA-1992- R&U Urban planning- -Planning at City Level- Master plans/Development plans- Urban Planning at Zonal Level- Zonal Plans- Urban Planning at Local Level- Local Area Planning- R&U Rural Planning- Planning at Tehsil Level– Tehsil Planning-- R&U Planning at Block Level-- Block Planning- R&U Planning at Village Level- Village Planning- R

4. Physical Planning- UDPFI Guidelines Perspective Plans- State level Plan Regional Plan- Regional level Plans Development Plan /Master Plans-City level Plan Local Area Plan- Neighborhood Level Plan Special Purpose Plans-Sector Plan Annual Plan

5. Perspective Plans Purpose  of  perspective  plan  is  to  provide;  -- an  overall  framework  -for  preparation  of  detailed  plans. -- serves  as  a  guide  for  --Regional  authorities-preparation of   regional  plans --  local  authorities--   preparation of   development plans

6. Regional Plans    Sustainable /Planned development  of  Regions Prepared within framework of Perspective Plans 3 Planning regions -- (a)  Administrative Regions- - District / Metropolitan Regions - 73rd & 74th CAA  (b)  Investment Regions new  investment  manufacturing zones- SEZ, industrial corridor (c)  Special Region --   environment/ socio economic Sensitive zone- Regional  plan  prepared under an Act focuses  on balanced  development  of Region   defines  hierarchy  of  settlements-  both urban & rural defines Hierarchy of connectivity - road,  rail,  sea   airports  focuses  on  -- land utilisation --resources  utilisation,  --resource  mobilisation,  -- environmental  protection  -- disaster  risk  management . 

7. Development  Plan/Master Plan  Development  plan  - a  statutory  plan  prepared  under  an Act   within    framework of  perspective plan Objective of  development plan  -  to provide --  further necessary details/ intended actions  - in  the shape of   strategies &   physical  proposals  for  various  policies   given  in    perspective  plan/  regional plan  depending upon economic /social needs and  aspiration of    people,  available resources and   defined priorities. 

8. Chandigarh Plan

9. Defining -Local Area Planning Local area planning is a— - process of planning that is; -- concerned with resolving -- local level problems / issues. - focusing on— -- welfare of local people - development of the local area. -- Maintenance of local level social services /amenities, -- promoting quality and quantity of- local products / services -- keeping surroundings / local environment clean /green Size- smallest planning unit- with reference to people/places. -- Planning carried out through people’s - Vision/participation - adopted in India’s Five Year Plans

10. Defining -Local Area Planning   micro‐planning -- local area plans, Prepared for  decentralization/ improving implementation of Development Plans. 73rd &  74h  CAA-- planning  decision  /  implementation  of  plans  should  be  disaggregated  for  bringing  planning  closer  to   local  people.  Objective; --Local area plans  are  prepared to; -- guide  development / re‐development of  land at local level  -conservation of buildings physical features at local level  -providing improvements in  physical  layout- at local level -  making  required infrastructure  &  amenities  at local level  - managing    area at local level  -  enhancing health /safety of  local  residents  --   supportting  economic development at local level --enhancing   quality  of  living and local environment.  

11. Local Area Planning context  Local  area  plans  specify-  compliance  with    Government  Policies related to- -  housing,  urban development,  rainwater  harvesting,  -- energy, disaster management, industrial /service sector investment, -- barrier‐free  environment for  elderly / physically challenged,  e‐Governance, tourism etc.   Plan should delineate; - reservation of land  for roads  -reservation for  public purposes,  -- for construction, reclamation etc. Plan should provide a framework -- for recovery  of    associated  costs  for  public  projects,  --- by  levy  of  betterment  charges, -- levying  charges on additional development rights,  and ---- appropriate user charges.  

12. SECTOR DEFINED

13. Sector of Chandigarh Chandigarh is composed of sectors. Each sector is 800 meters by 1,200 meters, enclosed by roads allocated to fast mechanised transport and sealed to direct access from houses. Each sector caters to daily needs of its inhabitants, Population varies from 5,000 to 25,000 has a green strip oriented longitudinally stretching centrally along sector in the direction of mountains. Green strip should stay uninterrupted and accommodate schools, sports fields, walkways and recreational facilities for sector Vehicular traffic is completely forbidden in green strips, where tranquility shall reign and curse of noise shall not penetrate.

14. People Participation- Involving Communities Planning has focus on -people / promote welfare of people and place where they live. Approach to planning should shift -- from top‐down to bottom‐up approach  to  make  planning  process  - more inclusive,  comprehensive,  sustainable.  Involving communities important for-- -Understanding ground realities - Understanding people aspirations - Ascertaining needs of people/area - Ascertaining Local priorities -Ensuring  plans  remain  relevant- making value addition to planning process -Planning has people ownership-remain people led  People participation can be sourced– --during- planningƒ -developing vision  --identification  local requirements - identifying  development priorities.  ƒ - -before  finalization  / implementation  of  development  programmes and priorities.  ƒ -- during implementation  --evaluation of development programmes  project. 

15. Participative Planning- Involving Communities Participatory planning helps in -- moving away from Static, state driven, spatially biased planning to Dynamic, people-driven and integrative planning better model for management relative to “conventional” - expert input Participatory planning woks a tool which helps in; -- managing conflicts . -- identifying / prioritizing city needs - socially accepted solutions/ improve decision making -- creating new sense of ownership of both problems and solutions -- analysis and evaluation . -- better city planning; -- empowering cities& communities Tools for Participative Planning - Using Questionnaires - Holding Focused group discussions (FGDs) - Holding interviews;- Involving residential welfare organisations O rganissing workshops- - Creating a think Tank- Involving professional institutions- ITPI/IIA/IE/CII/PHD Involving CBOs/ NGOs – Involving Government Departments-

16. Focus of Planning Sustainable Urban and Regional Development 1. U rban / R egional plans must focus on Sustainability- -- financial, social, governance/ managerial and environmental. 2. Financial sustainability -- working out capital & operational costs and options to recover -- development charges-to recover the capex project -- user charges should pay for the operational expenses. 3. Social sustainability - inclusion, provide benefit to all residents equitably. Identifying gainers / losers-- ensure that gainers are charged & pass on to losers. 4. Governance/ managerial sustainability -- project meet statutory / regulatory requirements -- have adequate capacities for maintaining project at reasonable costs. 5 Environmental sustainability -- improvement environment, ‘ minimising / damage’