Chlorination

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1. Chlorination:- Designed By:- Qasim Javed

2. Chlorination may be reffered as :- Chlorination reaction:- It is halogenation reaction by using chlorine. Water chlorination:- It is a method of water treatment by adding chlorine to water. Description:- Qasim Javed 2 18-Feb-17

3. Reaction with Methane (CH 4 ). Reaction with Benzene(C 6 H 6 ). Reaction with Alkenes and Alkynes. Chlorination reactions:- Qasim Javed 3 18-Feb-17

4. Three steps involved in it :- Initiation:- Initiation is the breakage of bond between the chlorine molecule (Cl 2 ).   Propagation:- Methyl radical is formed by combining chlorine radical to hydrogen on methane and chlorine recombines with methyl radical to give CH 3 Cl. Reaction with methane:- Qasim Javed 4 18-Feb-17

5. Termination:- In the termination steps, all the remaining radicals combine (in all possible manners) to form more product ( CH 3 Cl ), more reactant ( Cl 2 ) and even combinations of the two methyl radicals to form a side product of ethane ( CH 3 CH 3 ). Figure:- Qasim Javed 5 18-Feb-17

6. Figure:- Qasim Javed 6 18-Feb-17

7. It involves substitution and also addition reactions. The catalyst used is either aluminum chloride(AlCl 3 ) or iron chloride(FeCl 3 ) . This reaction occurs at room tamperature and in the presence of ultraviolet radiations. Thus reaction of benzene with chlorine gives Chlorobenzene (C 6 H 5 Cl). Chlorination of BENZENE:- Qasim Javed 7 18-Feb-17

8. Or Mechanism for substitution reaction:- Qasim Javed 8 18-Feb-17

9. It occurs in the presence of ultraviolet radiation or in the presence of sunlight. Breakage of delocalized Pi bonds. Chlorine is added to each carbon atom. Hexachlorocyclohexane is formed. Addition Reaction:- Qasim Javed 9 18-Feb-17

10. They contain double bond. The reaction is exothermic and The products are more stable then Alkenes. 18-Feb-17 Qasim Javed 10 CHLORINATION OF ALKENES :- –C = C – – C – C–

11. 18-Feb-17 Qasim Javed 11 CH 2 Cl 2

12. It is most commonly used disinfectant in water. Water chlorine undergoes the following reactions:- Cl 2 + H 2 O HOCl + HCl HOCl and OCl - provide free available chlorine. 18-Feb-17 Qasim Javed 12 WATER CHLORINATION:- HOCl H + + OCl -