CHN I Topic 3.pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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1. Community Organizing PREPARED BY:

2. Is a social development methodology used to facilitate the process of forming self-reliant, self-determining communities which are able to sustain their development activities

3. Community development Which address livelihood and other critical concerns to make a community truly self-reliant and sustaining

4. Definition A process by which the community identifies its needs or objectives Orders or ranks these needs or objectives Develops the confidence and will to work at these needs and objectives Ross, 1993

5. Community development : a process whereby the efforts of Government are united with those of the people to improve the social, cultural, and economic conditions in communities 5

6. Rural development : applications of community development principles outside of urban areas 6

7. Regional development : applications of community development principles in geographical areas consistent with those specified for or in: Regional Development Associations Change and Challenge Community Matters 7

8. Finds the resources to deal with needs and problems Takes action concerning their needs Develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community

9. Principles 1 . Community development is a holistic approach to addressing the community’s needs. 2. Community development is a process . 3. Empowerment results from influence, participation, and community education. 9

10. 4 . Development ensures environmental stewardship. 5. Development is tied to sustainability. 6. Partnerships provide access to resources. 10

11. Social Development means people are of primary importance; includes the “building of secure, just, free and harmonious societies”; offers opportunities and humane standards of living for all; and focuses on citizens’ rights to: be nourished be housed be secure work. 11

12. Cultural Development proliferation of artists gaining international recognition and of poets, authors, and musicians development of theater, festivals, and films development of archaeological and historical sites 12

13. Community Economic Development is citizen-led; is dedicated to improving lifestyles through: wealth distribution poverty reduction job creation; and provides infrastructure in support of business development. 13

14. Activities Inherent in CO Educating the people to develop critical awareness of their existing conditions Working with the people collectively and efficiently on their immediate needs Mobilizing the people to develop their capability and readiness to respond and take action on their immediate needs to solve their long term problems

15. Goals of CO People empowerment Improved quality of life

16. Expected Outcome of CO Connections, relationships and collaboration between people, sectors and institutions are formed or strengthened Citizen participation and involvement in community building can be elicited and sustained

17. Characteristics of CO Proceeds from the people’s identified priority needs Based on community analysis Reflects urgent issues and community’s resolve to act on these issues

18. Process of CO COPAR (Community Organizing Participatory Research) CBPR (Community Based Participatory Research

19. Critical Activities in CO Community Integration Social investigation

20. Social Investigation Gather data Identify classes Identify potential leaders Determine the correct approach and method Provide basis for planning

21. Critical Activities Tentative program planning Groundwork Meeting Role play

22. Cont. Community mobilization or action Evaluation Reflection Organization

23. Approaches to CO Issue –Based Micro-Project approach Faith-Based

24. Stages of CO Stage 1: Community analysis Is the process of assessing and defining needs, opportunities and resources involved in initiating community health action program.

25. Components of Community Analysis Demographic, social and economic community profile obtained from secondary data

26. 2.Health risk profile involving social, behavioral and environmental risks.

27. 3. Health/wellness outcomes profile found in morbidity/mortality data. 4. Survey analysis of current health promotion programs 5. Studies conducted in certain target groups or special population

28. Steps in Community Analysis Define the community Collect data Assess the community’s capability or capacity Assess community barriers in terms of acceptability

29. Assess readiness for change Synthesize data and set priorities to come up with a community profile of the needs and resources

30. Stage 2 Design and initiation and interventions 1. Establish a core planning group 2. Choose an organizational structure that will activate and encourage community participation

31. Organizational structure Leadership board or council Coalition which is a merger, partnership alliance of groups Lead or official agency Grass roots structure

32. Citizen panels Networks

33. 3 . Identify select and recruit organizational members representing the different sectors of the society 4. Define the organization’s mission and goals

34. 5. Clarify the roles and responsibilities of the members of the organization for role delineation and avoid overlapping of functions 6. Provide skills and livelihood training and recognition for their contributions to the success of the program

35. Stage 3 Implementation Process of executing or carrying out the design plans and putting these into action

36. Generate broad citizens participation Develop a sequential work plan which will be subject to constant monitoring Use comprehensive, integrated strategies

37. Stage 4 Program maintenance-consolidation The process of upholding, continuing, merging or integrating successful programs or those that have gained acceptance in the community

38. Integrate intervention activities into community networks, associations or groups Establish a positive organizational culture through group processes based on trust, respect and openness

39. Establish on-going recruitment plan and training of new members Disseminate results of activities to gain/maintain community support

40. Stage 5 Dissemination-Reassessment Update the community analysis Assess effectiveness of interventions Chart future directions and modifications Summarize and disseminate results for visibility and to elicit support

41. Community Participation Empowerment – is a process by which individuals, communities and organizations gain mastery over their lives Community empowerment – is a community development strategy which uses the non-traditional educational methods to enable individuals to understand their goals independent of the prevailing social order and to develop capacities to realize these goals

42. Community competence Refers to the community’s ability to engage in effective problem-solving

43. Community Participation Is the fundamental requirement to achieve health and sustainable development

44. Objectives of CP Gather data on the geographic, economic, political and socio-cultural situation in order to identify the problems and issues

45. Identify the classes and sectors present in the community to determine their interests and attitudes towards the issues

46. Identify potential leaders of the organizing process Determine the correct approach and method of organizing Provide basis for planning

47. Levels of Participation non-participation Manipulation Therapy

48. 2. Degrees of tokenism or token participation Informing Consultation Placation Partnership

49. 3. Degrees of citizen power Delegated power Citizen control

50. Factors Affecting CP Discriminatory attitudes Access barriers Issues around resources Representativeness

51. Models of People Participation Advocated by former Secretary of Health, Dr. Jaime Galvez-Tan (1987) Hospital-clinic based People are merely informed of health activities Decisions are performed by doctors

52. 2. Community-oriented Package programs and projects are confirmed through consultations Attempts are made to consult the community Implementation, monitoring and evaluation

53. 3. Community-based Joint effort in decision-making Active participation during the monitoring and evaluation phase

54. 4. Community-managed conceptualization, implementation, management and major decision-making Major responsibility for health care is in the community Community members will specify the nature of government assistance and other support

55. Community Organizing Participatory Action Research Different Phases: Pre-entry phase Entry phase Formation phase Organization building phase Sustenance and strengthening phase Phase out

56. Community- Based Participatory Research Is committed to change and strives to enhance health and quality of life in urban communities Driven by community needs and priorities to answer relevant questions, build programs, and affect public policy

57. Principles of CBPR Builds on strengths and resources within the community Explicitly recognizes and seeks to support or expand social structures and social processes that contribute to the ability of the community members to work

58. 3. Integrate knowledge and action for mutual benefit of all partners 4. Promotes a co-learning and empowering process that attends to social inequalities

59. 5. Involves a cyclical and iterative process 6. Addresses health from both positive model and ecological perspectives 7. Disseminates findings and knowledge gained to all partners 8. Involves a long-term commitment by all partners

60. Community Development Results from the process of community organizing. Seeks to empower the individuals and groups of people, with the skills they need to advocate on their own behalf, improve their lives, and provide communities with access to resources

61. Partnership for Community Health Development Strategies partnership-building at the provincial, municipal and barangay levels Building up capacities of LGU’s DOH, NGO’s and PO’s for their various roles in the partnership

62. c. Enabling communities to mobilize their resources and produce sustainable and justly distributed improvements in their quality of life d. Provision of grants or additional resources

63. Main Features of PCHD Community-based Focused on 10 basic needs Application of convergence that is related to intersectoral collaboration Application of focused targeting Setting of information system with community participation

64. Features of Community Health Programs Existence of chief mobilizer Presence of intersectoral structures Visioning or planning exercise Health activities are starting point

65. Principles and Practices of CHD Learning process: action-reflection-action cycle Must develop local leadership and expertise Must develop inter-agency coordination and linkages

66. Must be able to influence existing barangay development plan Must be sustainable in terms of resource access Must be gender-oriented and environmental friendly

67. Should address deeper issues of justice and equity Should naturally move beyond one issue, one-project, one- barangay perspective Should lead towards the emergence of a strong, empowered and viable people’s organization

68. Methods and Activities in Community Development Self-help work Outreach Local action groups, lobbying Peer work Festivals and events Information Advocacy Group work Network building Pump priming initiatives of the community with small grants

69. Social Capital for CD A process that emphasizes the importance of working with people as they define their own goals, mobilize resources, and develop action plans for addressing problems they have collectively identified

70. CD Theory A process designed to create conditions of economic and social progress for the whole community with its active participation and the fullest possible reliance on the community’s initiative

71. Self-Reliance Is the major goal of community development relying on their own collective strength to realize their goals

72. Social Capital Key indicator of the building of healthy communities through collective and mutually-beneficial interaction and accomplishments

73. Local identity and a sense of solidarity and equality with other community networks Norms of trust and reciprocal help and support

74. Goals of CD Capacity building a. Building health infrastructure to deliver health promotion programs

75. 2. Building partnerships and organizational environments so that programs and health gains are sustained 3. Building problem-solving capability

76. Partnership Building Is fostering joint venture, alliance or union between the people in the community and various stakeholders like NGO’s, LGU’s, civil society groups and state institutions

77. Intersectoral collaboration Includes sustainable partnership that combine inter-organizational cooperative working alliances and activities by parts of the health sector with other

78. Strategies for Successful Collaboration Agreeing on goals and expectations at the outset Maintaining a structure Equal partnership Using an independent community organizer Sharing expertise and resources across community organizations and researchers

79. Educating the community about research goals and purposes Developing financial support for community programs

80. Factors for Successful Collaboration Adaptability Open and frequent communication Establish informal and formal communication links Concrete, attainable goals and objectives

81. Shared vision Sufficient funds Skilled convener

82. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!