CHN I Topic 5.pptxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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1. Community Health Nursing Approaches

2. Introduction The concept of community is defined as “group of people who share some important feature of their lives and use some common agencies and institutions.” The concept of health is defined as “a balanced state of wellbeing resulting from harmonious interactions of body, mind and spirit.” The term community health is defined by the needs of a community by identifying problems and managing interactions within the community

3. Introduction conti.... Nurses providing community haelth services play key role in disease and injury prevention, disability alleviation and health promotion, as well as managing and providing care and follow-up accross a broad range of settings Community health nursing promotes and protect the health of populations through a combination of knowledge derived from nursing, social and public heath sciences. CHNs perform this role trough several approaches of practice:

4. Approaches in CHN T o accomplish community health goals and its aims the following approaches are to be utilized by community health professionals: Scientific approaches Nursing Process Approach Theoretical Approach Epidemiological Approach Problem Solving Approach Evidence Based Approach Empowering people to care for themselves.

5. Nursing Process Approach The nursing process is a critical thinking process that professional nurses use to apply available evidence to caregiving and promoting human functions and responses to health and illness (American Nurses Association, 2010) The nursing process is the systematic method: providing care to clients planning and providing individualized nursing care

6. Nursing Process Approach

7. Theories and models of Community Nursing Process Nightingale’s Theory of Environment Orem’s Self Care Model Neuman’s Health Care System’s Model Roger’s Model Of The Science Of Unitary Man Parser’s Human Becoming Theory Pender’s Health Promotion Model Roy’s Adaptation Model 11/29/2022 8:31 AM 7

8. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH The ePidemiological investigation to health problems involves the two basic approaches Asking Questions (What, who, Why, when, where) Making Comparison (compare population, places, gender or sex, time periods, etc)

9. Tools for measurements Case Counts : number of cases of a health problem Rates: measure the occurrence of some particular cases or events in a population in a given period (expressed as ) Ratios: Compares two related or unrelated variables ( eg. Male- Female, Nurse-population, child-woman ratios, etc ) Expressed as Proportions: a ration where X (numerator) included in Y (Denominator) or a part of entire population Expressed as 100  

10. Evidence Based Approach Evidence: something that furnishes proof or testimony or something legally submitted to ascertain in the truth of matter Evidence Based Practice (EBP) : a systemic inter connecting of scientifically generated evidence with the tacit knowledge of the expert practitioner to achieve a change in a particular practice for the benefit of a well defined client/patient group (French 1999)

11. STEPS IN EBP

12. Empowering People to Care for Themselves Community empowerment is a process of enabling members of a community to increase control over their lives

13. Approaches in CHN Non Scientific Approaches Persuasive: Involves strategies to convince people through dialogue and education Enforcement: utilizes rules, policies and regulations to make people responsible Team approach: is based on team building and team work concepts Community involvement: is based upon worthiness and dignity of each member Intersectoral approach: emphasizes partnerships with different domains

14. Review Questions 1. Discuss the scientific approaches to Community Health Nursing 2. How do non scientific approaches help to promote population health? 3. Explain how reinforcement works giving examples of strategies used

15. THANK YOU