Chocking 2024 (FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION).pptx

FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION

1. FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION 1

2. Foreign body aspiration What is foreign body aspiration? Foreign body  aspiration  (FBA) is a potentially life-threatening emergency that most commonly occurs in children (aged 6 months – 3 years) , due to the tendency for children to place small objects in the mouth and nose. Occur when a foreign body enters the air way and cause choking. . 2

3. Foreign body aspiration vary based on the site of obstruction . The size of foreign body and severity 20%of foreign body lodged in the upper airway while 80% lodged in the mainstem on bronchus The signs of a foreign body Aspiration are usually sudden in onset with Coughing , choking , Wheezing or stridor , Difficulty breathing and shortness of breath, Difficulty speaking . 3

4. Causes Common causes include nuts, hard candy, popcorn, beans, and berries, and one of the common causes of foreign body aspiration is Latex balloons and small pieces of toys. 4

5. Pediatric choking Algorithm 5

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7. First treatment for the foreign body aspiration Mild airway obstruction (effective cough) in infants and children Encourage the child to cough is important to may expel a foreign body. Children with an effective cough will be able to cry or verbally respond to questions. In these situations , No external maneuvers ( such as back blows) are needed ,but close observation is required until the infant/child improves, as severe airway obstruction may develop. 7

8. Severe airway obstruction (ineffective cough) in infants (<1 year) If the infant shows signs of severe airway obstruction: Call for help Turn infant face down and give five(5) back blows. Give five (5) chest thrusts (using 2 or 3 fingers) Steps for aiding a choking Person 8

9. Place the infant in a prone position (usually over the lap) with the head downwards to enable gravity to help remove the foreign body. Stabilize the infant’s (floppy) head: place the thumb of one hand at the angle of the lower jaw and one or two fingers on the opposite side of the jaw. Deliver up to five sharp back blows (slaps) with the heel of one hand in the middle of the back between the shoulder blades. Following each back blow, check to see whether it has relieved the obstruction. 9

10. Turn the infant supine with head in a downwards position, using your arm to support the infant’s back and your hand to support the head. Your thigh can provide additional support. Locate the ‘landmark’ for chest compressions – this is the lower sternum approximately a finger-width above the xiphisternum ; Perform up to five chest thrusts – these are like chest compressions, but sharper in nature and delivered at a slower rate. Following each chest thrust, check to see whether the obstruction has been dislodged. If the obstruction remains, continue alternating up to five back blows with up to five chest thrusts 10

11. If a child shows signs of severe airway obstruction: Severe airway obstruction (ineffective cough) in children (>1 year) Steps for aiding a choking Person Child Encourage forceful coughing. Administer five (5) back blows between shoulder blades. Administer five (5) abdominal thrusts. 11

12. Position the child with their head down (a small child may be placed over the lap). If this is not feasible, support the child into the leaning-forward position recommended for adults (Fig 5). Deliver up to five sharp back blows (slaps) with the heel of one hand in the middle of the back between the shoulder blades (Fig 4). Following each back blow, check to see whether the obstruction has been dislodged. 12

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14. Prevention FOOD Recommend that children age less than 4-5 year should be not give Food that could make them choke like: nuts , snacks, popcorn , sunflower. Cut every time them food. TOY Do not let them play with broken toys and follow them when they play And recommend that balls used by children to be larger than a golf ball 14

15. Complications Many complications can develop after removing the foreign body or if remain in the airway of the patient Inflammation of the airway wall lung abscess pneumonia from retained foreign body. 15