CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Chronic bronchitis ( respiratory condition)

1. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS PRESENTATION by: T.THULASIPRIYA, BPT 3 YEAR.

2. CONTENTS: DEFINITION CAUSES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CLINICAL FEATURES INVESTIGATIONS TREATMENT PREVENTION.

3. DEFINITION : Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes that results in excessive secretion of mucus into the tubes ,leading to the tissue swelling that can narrow or close off bronchial tubes. People with chronic bronchitis will eventually leads to develop emphysema.

4. CAUSES : The main cause is cigarette smoking. Other cause may include; inhaled irrittants ,such as smog, industrial pollutants and solvents. Viral and bacterial infections. Underlying disease processeses , such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. Genetic factors associated with copd , it is a deficiency in alpha-1-antitrypsin.

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : Chronic bronchitis is thought to be caused by over production and hypersecretion of mucus by goblet cells. Epithelial cells lining the airway response to toxic ,infectious stimuli by realeasing inflammatory cytokines. During an acute exaceberation of chronic bronchitis mucous membrane becomes hyperemic and edematous with diminished bronchial mucociliary function. This in turn leads to the airflowimpedement because of luminal obstruction to small airways . The airways became cogged by debris and this further increases the irritation. The characteristic cough of bronchitis is caused by the copious secretion of mucous in cronic bronchitis.

6. CLINICAL FEATURES : Increased exaceberation rate Accelerated decline in lung function Common symptoms are; wheezing ,particularly breathing out breathlessness when resting active tight chest cough producing more mucus or phlegm than usual These symptoms would be persistent for atleast 3 months a year to be considered chronic bronchitis.

7. INVESTIGATIONS : BLOOD TEST : This is to see if your symptoms could be due to anemia ,or to see if the symptoms are due to the gentic marker alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. CHEST X RAY SPUTUM CULTURE : Bacterial or viral infections are to be suspscted is indicated . Additionally, pulmonary lung function test CT Scan-

8. TREATMENT: MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: Bronchodilators : increasing the airway lumen, increasing ciliary function and increasing mucous hydration. Glucocorticoids : Reduce inflammation and mucus production . PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT : Improve exercise tolerance . Reduce exacebrations . Assists in sputum clearance. Increase thoracic mobility and lung volume.

9. PREVENTION: Breaths in warm ,moist air to ease coughs and loosen the mucus in the airwys . Quit smoking immediately. Physical activity to strengthen and help breathing. Avoid air borne chemicals and dust with appropriate masks.

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