Chronic Glomerulonephritis - Pathology - ATOT

Topic: Chronic glomerulonephritis
Course: ATOT IInd year
Faculty: Pathology

Chronic glomerulonephritis: definition, etiology, morphology, clinical features, complications

1. CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Dr. Salman Ansari MBBS

2. Glomerulonephritis Term for group of diseases which involve the glomeruli of the kidney Glomerulus: specialised bundle of capillaries, which makes up the nephron Function of glomerulus is to filter blood

3. Chronic glomerulonephritis Definition : it is the end-stage of many types of glomerulonephritis Progresses to renal failure

4. Etiology Crescentic glomerulonephritis Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN) IgA nephropathy Membranous nephropathy Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis - rare

5. Morphology Gross : Both kidneys are small and contracted Cortical surface is granular Cut section: shows thin cortex Capsule is difficult to remove because of adhesions

6. Microscopy : Glomeruli : reduced in number and completely hyalinised tufts , appearing as acellular eosinophilic masses Tubules : marked atrophy Interstitium : interstitial fibrosis, chronic inflammatory cells seen Blood vessels : changes of hypertension are seen - thickened blood vessels

7. Shrunken in size Surface is granular

8. Small and contracted kidneys Adherent capsule Granular surface

9. Clinical features Usually adults Uremia Hypertension Progresses to renal failure over a period of years Non-specific complaints: loss of appetite Vomiting Anemia Weakness Patients die unless they receive a renal transplant

10. Uremic complications Patients of chronic renal failure may show complications due to uremia. These include: Uremic pericarditis Uremic gastroenteritis Secondary hyperparathyroidism with nephrocalcinosis and renal osteodystrophy Left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension Diffuse alveolar damage (uremic pneumonitis).

11. Summary Definition Etiology Morphology Gross Small and shrunken kidneys, granular surface Microscopic Hyalinised glomerulus, chronic inflammatory cells, thickened blood vessels Clinical features

12. References: Ramadas Nayak - Textbook of Pathology for Allied Health Sciences Harsh Mohan - Textbook of Pathology Questions: [email protected] For notes: