CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE�PULMONARY DISEASE(COPD).pptx

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive disease that makes patient hard to breathe.

"Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time.
A condition in which:

The lungs have become permanently altered
The airways in the lungs are constantly narrowed
Chronic inflammation creates difficulty breathing
COPD is a collective name for chronic bronchitis and emphysema, two diseases that are almost always caused by smoking.

Many of the symptoms of COPD are similar to those of asthma (e.g. breathlessness, wheezing, production of too much mucus, coughing). �
COPD
Disease due to emphysema or chronic bronchitis characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible
16 million Americans are diagnosed with COPD

14 million have Chronic Bronchitis

2 million have Emphysema
In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following:
The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality.
The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.
The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed.
The airways make more mucus than usual, which tends to clog them.

COPD results from smoking

COPD results from second-hand smoke

COPD results from air pollution

COPD results from Occupational irritants


Cough with or without mucous
Fatigue
Frequent respiratory infections
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
In COPD there is permanent damage to the airways. The narrowed airways are fixed, and so symptoms are chronic (persistent). Treatment to open up the airways, is therefore limited.

In asthma there is inflammation in the airways which makes the muscles in the airways constrict. This causes the airways to narrow. The symptoms tend to come and go, and vary in severity from time to time. Treatment to reduce inflammation and to open up the airways usually works well.

COPD is more likely than asthma to cause a chronic (ongoing) cough with sputum.
Night time waking with breathlessness or wheeze is common in asthma and uncommon in COPD.

COPD is rare before the age of 35 while asthma is common in under-35.


Symptoms
Physical examination
Sample of sputum
Chest x-ray
High-resolution CT (HRCT scan)
Pulmonary function test (spirometery)
Arterial blood gases test
Pulse oximeter
Inhalers (Bronchodilators)

Anti-inflammatory medications

Oxygen therapy

Antibiotics (with Bacterial infection)
Slow the accelerated decline in lung function
Relieve symptoms
Improve daily function
Decrease exacerbations
Improve quality of life.
Smoking cessation is the most important consideration.

Accelerated loss of lung function can be slowed

Decline in loss of lung function can be reduced




COPD is a long-term illness
COPD worsens quickly with smoking
COPD can cause arrhythmias
COPD can cause pneumonia
COPD can cause osteoporosis


COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive disease that makes patient hard to breathe.

"Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time.
In COPD, less air flows in and o

1. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) 1

2. COPD Definition COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive disease that makes patient hard to breathe. " Progressive " means the disease gets worse over time. 2

3. What is COPD? A condition in which: The lungs have become permanently altered The airways in the lungs are constantly narrowed Chronic inflammation creates difficulty breathing 3

4. COPD is a collective name for chronic bronchitis and emphysema, two diseases that are almost always caused by smoking. Many of the symptoms of COPD are similar to those of asthma (e.g. breathlessness , wheezing , production of too much mucus , coughing ).

5. Anatomy of the Lungs 5

6. What does COPD do? COPD causes airway narrowing, inflammation and mucous production 6

7. COPD Disease due to emphysema or chronic bronchitis characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible

8. COPD Facts 16 million Americans are diagnosed with COPD 14 million have Chronic Bronchitis 2 million have Emphysema 8

9. COPD In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following: The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality. The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed. The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed. The airways make more mucus than usual, which tends to clog them.

10. Bronchitis Bronchitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the Bronchi. 10

11. Chronic Bronchitis Presence of chronic productive cough for 3 or more months in each of 2 successive years in a patient whom other causes of chronic cough have been excluded. 11

12. Emphysema Emphysema is long-term destruction of lungs over time 12

13. COPD Causes COPD results from smoking COPD results from second-hand smoke COPD results from air pollution COPD results from Occupational irritants 13

14. Cigarette smoking Substances within cigarettes damage the alveoli sacs. 14

15. Infection Major contributing factor to the aggravation and progression of COPD Heredity -Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (produced by liver and found in lungs).this protien protect lung tissue from ensymz of inflamatory cells Normal from 1.5-3.5 g\L Emphysema results from lysis of lung tissues by proteolytic enzymes from neutrophils and macrophages 15

16. Pathogenesis of COPD (tobacco smoke, pollutants, occupational agent) COPD Genetic factors Respiratory infection Other

17. Pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema(COPD) 17

18. COPD Facts COPD is the 4 th leading cause of death in the United States. COPD has a higher mortality rate than Asthma. 18

19. Symptoms Cough with or without mucous Fatigue Frequent respiratory infections Shortness of breath Wheezing 19

20. Signs and symptoms Wheezing Coughing Sputum production Shortness of breath Chest tightness

21. Difference between COPD and Asthma In COPD there is permanent damage to the airways. The narrowed airways are fixed, and so symptoms are chronic (persistent). Treatment to open up the airways, is therefore limited. In asthma there is inflammation in the airways which makes the muscles in the airways constrict. This causes the airways to narrow. The symptoms tend to come and go, and vary in severity from time to time. Treatment to reduce inflammation and to open up the airways usually works well. COPD is more likely than asthma to cause a chronic (ongoing) cough with sputum .

22. Difference between COPD and asthma Night time waking with breathlessness or wheeze is common in asthma and uncommon in COPD. COPD is rare before the age of 35 while asthma is common in under-35.

23. COPD Diagnostic tests Symptoms Physical examination Sample of sputum Chest x-ray High-resolution CT (HRCT scan) Pulmonary function test ( spirometery ) Arterial blood gases test Pulse oximeter

24. Medical Treatment of COPD Inhalers (Bronchodilators) Anti-inflammatory medications Oxygen therapy Antibiotics (with Bacterial infection ) 24

25. Treatment Objectives Slow the accelerated decline in lung function Relieve symptoms Improve daily function Decrease exacerbations Improve quality of life. 25

26. Smoking Cessation S moking cessation is the most important consideration. Accelerated loss of lung function can be slowed Decline in loss of lung function can be reduced 26

27. Complications COPD is a long-term illness COPD worsens quickly with smoking COPD can cause arrhythmias COPD can cause pneumonia COPD can cause osteoporosis 27

28. THANK YOU 28