CIN_cervical _intraepithelial_neoplasia_Staging_Presentation.pptx

This PowerPoint presentation speaks about the CIN staging required for MBBS 4th year in india.
This is an ai generated ppt. Please refer your standard textbooks.

1. What is CIN and Staging of CIN Presented by: [Your Names] | Institution

2. What is CIN? Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous condition. Caused by persistent HPV infection. Graded based on the severity of abnormal cell growth. Important for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.

3. Pathophysiology of CIN HPV infects basal epithelial cells. Viral oncogenes (E6, E7) disrupt normal cell cycle control. Leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and dysplasia. May progress to cervical cancer if untreated.

4. Risk Factors for CIN Persistent high-risk HPV infection. Early sexual activity, multiple partners. Smoking, immunosuppression (e.g., HIV). Long-term use of oral contraceptives.

5. Traditional CIN Staging CIN 1 – Mild Dysplasia (Lower 1/3 of epithelium). CIN 2 – Moderate Dysplasia (Lower 2/3 of epithelium). CIN 3 – Severe Dysplasia/Carcinoma in Situ (Full thickness). Higher CIN grades have increased risk of malignancy.

6. Updated SIL Classification LSIL = Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (CIN 1). HSIL = High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (CIN 2 & 3). Based on Bethesda System for cytology. Improves correlation with HPV-related changes.

7. Why Was CIN Staging Updated? To better align with cytology and clinical management. To improve reproducibility in diagnosis. To guide treatment decisions more effectively.

8. CIN 1 - Mild Dysplasia Abnormal cells in the lower 1/3 of epithelium. Often regresses spontaneously. Associated with transient HPV infection. Follow-up preferred over immediate treatment.

9. CIN 2 - Moderate Dysplasia Atypical cells extend to the lower 2/3 of epithelium. Higher risk of progression to cancer. Requires careful monitoring or treatment. Colposcopy and biopsy recommended.

10. CIN 3 - Severe Dysplasia / CIS Full-thickness epithelial dysplasia. Considered high risk for invasive carcinoma. Requires prompt treatment (LEEP, conization). p16 biomarker often positive.

11. How is CIN Diagnosed? Pap Smear – Detects abnormal cells. HPV DNA Testing – Identifies high-risk HPV types. Colposcopy – Magnified cervical examination. Biopsy – Confirms histopathological grade.

12. Biomarkers in CIN p16 – Overexpressed in high-risk HPV infections. Ki-67 – Indicates increased cell proliferation. Used to differentiate CIN 1 vs CIN 2/3. Helps improve diagnostic accuracy.

13. Challenges in CIN Staging Interobserver variability among pathologists. Overlap with reactive or inflammatory changes. Need for improved diagnostic criteria. Use of biomarkers to enhance accuracy.

14. Summary CIN is a precursor to cervical cancer. Staging is based on histological depth of dysplasia. Updated SIL classification aligns with cytology. Biomarkers like p16 improve diagnostic precision.

15. Thank You! Feel free to ask any questions.