Circulatory system of insects

A presentation of insect physiology

1. Circulatory system of insets Submitted by: Submitted to: Manish Kumar Pal Mr. Rajendra Regmi ENT-03M-2017 Assisstant professor of AFU Department of Entomology AFU, Rampur 10 th Ashoj,2075

2. Insec t s h a v e an o pe n ci r cula t o ry s y st e m . The hemo c oel is fil l ed with hemo l ymph that ba t hes the o r gans Insec t s h a v e lo c al puls a ti l e o r gan s at th e base s of a p penda g e s th a t pump hemo l ymph I t d o es n ot c a rry o x y gen a lon g its ci r culati o n . Movement of nutrients, salts, hormones, and metabolic wastes throughout the insect’s body 10 th Ashoj, 2075

3. Insec t Ci r cula t ory O r g ans DO R S A L V ESSEL p r inci pa l o r g a n r esponsi ble f or blo o d ci r cu l ation lie s alon g the do r sal mid l ine of the insect bo d y open anteriorly and closed posteriorly except in larval mayflies anterior part may be called aorta and the posterior part the heart The heart is usually restricted to the abdomen, but may extend upto prothorax in cockroaches. 10 th Ashoj, 2075

4. Insec t Ci r cula t ory O r g ans H E A R T usual l y closed at its pos t erior e n d a n d be a rs a n um ber of v a l vular ope n i n g s ( ost i a ) AL A R Y M U S C LES f i b r om u s cu la r inner v a t ed structu r es a t t a ched la t e r al l y t o th e bo d y w a l l an d v a ry i n numbe r f r om 1 - 1 3 p a irs contraction causes blood to flow into the pericardium from the perivisceral cavity and then into the heart 10 th Ashoj, 2075

5. The Insec t Ci r cula t ory S y s t em 10 th Ashoj, 2075

6. Insec t Ci r cula t ory O r g ans HEMO COEL T he main body cavity of invertebrates, such as  insects Th e c o mpa r tm e n t a l i z e d st ructu r e of th i s c a v it y i s due t o th e p r e s e nc e of one or t w o f i b r omuscu l a r s e pta an arrangement of blood vessels  in mammals is replaced by Haemocoel . organs of the  insect  are suspended in this cavity . 10 th Ashoj, 2075

7. Insec t Ci r cula t ory O r g ans Dorsal Diaphragm 0 S eparates the upper pericardial sinus from the lower perivisceral sinus. formed by alary muscles of the heart and related structures Ventral Diaphragm separates the perineural sinus from the main perivisceral sinus helps in perfusing the ventral nerve cord of insects 10 th Ashoj, 2075 To facilitate circulation of hemolymph, the body cavity is divided into three compartments (called blood sinuses) by two thin sheets of muscle and/or membrane known as the  dorsal and ventral diaphragms .

8. Insec t Ci r cula t ory O r g ans Accessory Pulsatic organs located at the base of the appendage In case of wings, is present in both wing-bearing segments of most adult insects. Also found at the base of the each antenna pulsatile leg organs with muscular attachment to the diaphragm have a longitudinal septum in legs, which divides the lumen into two sinuses 10 th Ashoj, 2075

9. Insec t Ci r cula t ory O r g ans HEMO L YM P H Color l e ss liquid th a t ba t hes th e in s e ct t i ssu e s O n l y a bou t 1 0% a r e hem o cy t e s an d th e r est of t h e hemo l ymph co n t e n t i s w a t e ry plasma analogous to the blood in vertebrates circulates in the interior of the arthropod body remaining in direct contact with the animal's tissues.   transfers nutrients from the insect gut to the organs, takes away waste and also transmits hormones 10 th Ashoj, 2075

10. Insec t Ci r cula t ory O r g ans HEMO L YM P H COM P O SI T I ON: 9 % W a t er I no r g a n ic io n s Ni t r og e n o u s w as t e s C a rbo h y d r a t e s Lipid s P r o t ein s a n d e n z ym e s Pig me nts Hormon e s 10 th Ashoj, 2075

11. Insec t Ci r cula t ory O r g ans HEMO L YM P H FUN C T I O NS: Lubric a n t f or t i ssu e s a n d in t ern al o rg a ns H y d r a uli c me d ium (ca t e rpilla rs, w i n g e xp a n sion , e t c.) T r a n s por t me d ium f or nu t ri en t s, w as t e s a n d hormon e s S t o r a g e (ami n o a cids, w a t e r , a n d g ly ce r ol) Heat e x chan g e Immun e r e spo n se 10 th Ashoj, 2075

12. Ci r culation W h en th e heart con t r ac t s, th e v a l v es o f th e ostia a r e cl o s e d b y th e p r essu r e and th e hemo l ymp h i s m o v e d fo r w a r d an d dumped in t o th e head a r e a . Ala r y m u scle s aid the cont r ac t ions o f th e hear t . 10 th Ashoj, 2075

13. Ci r culation The blo o d ci r c u la t ion is als o a i ded b y th e p r es e nc e of th e dors a l a n d v e n t r a l dia p h r a g ms , w hich consis t s of se t s of m uscles tha t d i vide th e hemo c oel in t o v a r ious sinuses. 10 th Ashoj, 2075

14. 10 th Ashoj, 2075

15. O v ervi e w VE R TEB R A TES INSEC T S Clos e d c i r cula t ory s y s t e m Blood He art O x y g e n T r a n s por t a t i on Op e n ci r c u la t ory s y s t em Hem o l ymph D o rsa l V ess e l T r a n sport of other su b sta nces 10 th Ashoj, 2075