class 4 5.pptx scrach coding full explain

coding

1. Robotics Robotics: Robotics is about building machines (robots) that can do tasks by following instructions. Imagine a robot like a smart toy. It could be a robot that cleans the floor, a machine that helps in factories, or even a toy car that moves around on its own. How does a robot work? It listens to instructions, just like you listen to your teacher. But instead of words, robots follow special instructions called programming . Robots need sensors : Sensors help them see, hear, or feel. For example, a robot vacuum uses sensors to find dirt on the floor and clean it up.

2. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI makes robots smart . Without AI, robots just follow basic instructions. But with AI, they can learn from their environment and make decisions on their own. AI helps robots think : Just like you learn in school and get smarter, AI helps robots learn from experiences. It helps them understand things like humans do. AI is like a brain : While robots are the body, AI is like the brain that helps them think and solve problems. Example : When you ask Siri or Alexa a question like "What’s the weather?", they use AI to understand your voice, look up the answer, and respond to you.

3. Introduction to Programming (Without Computers) P rogramming is like giving instructions to a computer to make it do what you want. compare programming to following a recipe. Just like a recipe gives step-by-step instructions to make a dish, programming tells the computer step-by-step instructions to follow. Activity (Off-laptop) : Give a Simple Example : Ask the class, "How would you tell a robot to brush its teeth?" Have the students give step-by-step instructions (e.g., pick up toothbrush, put toothpaste, brush up and down, rinse mouth). Highlight that this is similar to what programming does, it breaks down a task into small, manageable steps

4. Understanding Variables and Data Imagine you have a locker at school. Just like you put books in the locker to keep them safe, a variable in programming holds information for us to use later. You give this locker a name, so you can remember what’s inside. In programming, a variable is like a container or box where we store something. We give the box a label (or name) so we know what's inside it. Example of a Variable: MyAge = 9 Explanation: The word “ MyAge ” is the name of our "box" (variable). The number 9 is the information (value) that we are storing in the box. So, we are saying that the variable called MyAge holds the value 9 . This means MyAge is like a locker, and right now, inside the locker is the number 9. Just like you can check what’s in your locker, we can check the value stored in MyAge and it will tell us that it’s 9 Now imagine you had a birthday, so you’re no longer 9, but 10 years old. Just like you can change what’s in your locker, you can change the value of the variable. Now the MyAge box no longer holds 9 ; it holds 10 . You’ve updated what’s inside the box. So, MyAge has changed its value from 9 to 10, just like a locker that once had one book, but now has a different book. The label stays the same, but what’s inside can change!

5. ACTIVITY Pick one student and hand them a card labeled " MyAge " with a value (e.g., 9). Ask them to act like the variable " MyAge " and hold the number in front of them. Now, ask the student to "change" their age by switching the card to 10. Explain: The student is like a variable, and the card they’re holding is the value inside the variable. The variable’s name (" MyAge ") stays the same, but the value (age) changes from 9 to 10.

6. loops A loop allows a computer to repeat a set of actions again and again. Just like in real life, we often repeat actions multiple times until a certain goal is met. Example : Think about brushing your teeth. You move the toothbrush up and down several times—this is a repeated action, just like a loop in programming. Key Point : Loops help the computer keep doing something until a condition is met, like brushing your teeth until they are clean!

7. activity Real-Life Loop Example: Ask the students : "What do you do when you brush your teeth?" The answer should be along the lines of “we move the brush up and down.” Explain : Each time they move the brush up and down, they are repeating an action—a perfect example of a loop. They keep repeating this action (looping) until their teeth are clean. Real-life analogy : Just like you keep brushing until you feel your teeth are clean, a computer keeps repeating an action until it completes a task or meets a goal. Other Loop Examples : Walking up stairs (you take one step, and then another, repeating until you reach the top). Eating cereal (scooping and eating until the bowl is empty).

8. conditional A conditional statement allows the computer to make a decision. It checks if something is true or false and then acts accordingly. Example : "If the traffic light is red, we stop. If it’s green, we go." The traffic light acts as a condition for what action to take (stop or go). Key Point : Computers use conditions to decide what to do next, just like we make decisions based on real-life situations.

9. Activity Real-Life Conditional Example: Ask the students : "What do you do when the traffic light turns red?" The answer will likely be, "we stop." Ask : "What do we do when the light turns green?" The answer will be, "we go." Explain : This is an example of a conditional statement. The light controls the decision you make— if it’s red, you stop; if it’s green, you go. Real-life analogy : Just like traffic lights help us make decisions, computers use conditions to decide what to do next. Other Conditional Examples : If it rains, we carry an umbrella. If it’s sunny, we wear sunglasses. If it’s your birthday, you eat cake. If it’s not your birthday, you don’t

10. Loops and Conditional Statements Loops : Imagine you are playing a game, and every time you finish one level, you go to the next. Loops help computers repeat actions like playing levels over and over again. Conditionals : Computers can make decisions based on “if” something happens. For example, if it rains, we carry an umbrella. This “if” is called a conditional statement in programming