Class 8 science ch- 1 crop production and management

Crop Production and Management

2. CROP
When plants of same kind are grown and cultivated at
one place on a large scale, it is called a crop.
TYPES OF CROPS
Kharif Crop:-The crops which are sown in rainy season are
kharif crops.
Examples: Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, cotton etc.
RabiCrop:-Thecropsgrowninthewinterseasonare
called rabi crops.
Examples: Wheat, gram, pea, mustard, linseed etc.

3. BASIC PRACTICES OF CROP
PRODUCTION

4. PREPARATION OF SOIL
Soilis prepared before sowing the seeds. Thesoilis loosened
to increase the absorption of water and manures. Loosening
ofsoilparticles adds humus and nutrients in thesoilthat
increases crop yields.

5. *The process of scattering or putting seeds intothe
ground is calledSowing.
*Before sowing good quality seeds areselected.
Good quality seedsare clean and healthy, freefrom infection
anddiseases.
*There are two methods of sowing seeds-SOWING BY
HANDand SOWING WITH A SEEDDRILL.
*
SOWING

6. ADDING MANURES AND FERTILISERS
MANURES
1.A manure is a natural substance
obtained by the decomposition of
animal wastes like cow dung,human
waste and animalresidue.
2.Manure can be prepared in the
fields.
3. A manure provides a lot of organic
matter like humus tothe soil.
FERTILISERS
1.A fertiliseris a salt or an
organic compound.
2.Fertilisersare prepared in
factories.
3.A fertiliserdoes not provide
any humus to the soil.
Repeated growing of crops in the same field removes lot of
precious mineral elements, organic matter and other materials from
the soil and to increase the nutrients in the soil we add Manures
and Fertilisers.

7. All the crop plants need water for their growth.
Itis,therefore,necessarytosupplywaterto the
crop plants in the fields, periodically.
The process of supplying water to crop plants in the fields is called
Irrigation.
Irrigation requirements of crops depends upon the nature of the
crop, nature of the soiland season.
Sourcesofirrigationarerivers,canals,wells,tube-wells,
dams(reservoirs), pondsand lakes.

8. Sprinkler System Drip Irrigation
Furrow System
Supply Channel System
Modern
Methods of
Irrigation
Traditional methods of irrigation are:-
1.Moat(PulleySystem)
2.Rahat(LeverSystem)
3.Dhekli
4.ChainPump
Modern methods of irrigationare:-
1.SprinklerSystem
2.DripSystem
3.Furrow System
4.Supply Channel System

10. HARVESTING STORAGE OF FOODGRAINS

11. Thank You ..!!
By –ShipraHarshit