Class 8 Why do we need a Parliament.pptx

class 8 civics ncert ch-2

1. CIVICS Chapter-2:Why do we need a Parliament?

2. DAY-1

3. Let's Revise We know the parliament or ' Sansad ' is basically responsible for Law Making. We Indians take pride ourselves on being a Democratic Government How We ( Citizens of the Country take part in the decision- making of the Government  Why do all the Democratic Government need to have consent of their citizens? The role of the people in making and controlling the government. Thus making the Parliament the most important symbol of the Indian Democracy and a key Feature of the Constitution.

4. Under the British Rule , we lived in the fear of the  British Government and we were not happy with many of the decisions and laws of the Britishers.  We faced many obstacles and danger if  we tried to criticize these decisions. In the freedom movement against the British rule, the  Indian nationalist started to openly criticize the British government and its laws. In 1885, The Indian National Congress Demanded  that there should be elected members in the Legislative Council and be given rights to present view and put up questions on the Budget and be a part of decision making .  Due to consistent pressure of the Indian Nationalists The British Government under  The Government of India At 1909, allowed selected representation, but the  British Government did not allow all the adults to vote or be represented and be a part of the decision making process.

5. Let's Revise

6. Due to consistent pressure of the Indian with the coming of Independence, we were going to be citizens of a free country, this did not mean that the government could do what it felt like, it meant that the government had to be sensitive to the people's needs and demands.  The dreams and aspirations of the freedom struggle were made concrete in the Constitution of Independent India.  It laid down the principle of Universal Adult Franchise. ie All the citizens had the right to vote above the specified age.

7. Peoples Representation The Idea of democracy is all about consent- the desire, approval and participation of the people. It is the decision of the citizens of the country that creates a democratic government and  its functioning . In a democratic Government the Citizen is the most important person. The trust of the citizens in the government is the most important to make the government function smoothly. People elect their representatives through Universal Adult Franchise. And then these elected members form a  part of the Parliament. The group of elected representatives help in guiding and controlling the government.

8. ORGANS OF GOVERNMENT

9. The Indian Parliament The Indian Parliament has Immense powers because it is a representation of the people.

10. Today's Mission... Q1- How do people take part in forming the government? Q2- Write the names of the organs of the government of India. Q3-  Why do you think our national movement supported the idea that all adults have a right to vote?

11. Question 1. What are the basic ideals of a democracy? Solution:The basic ideals of democracy are… The participation of the citizens in the government’s decision- making. The need for the government to have the consent of its citizens in all major issues taken by it. Question 2. What is the purpose of a Parliament? Solution:The Parliament enables citizens of India to participate in decision making and control the government. Question 3. What was the main principle of the Indian constitution? Solution:The main principle of the Indian constitution was Universal adult franchise. All adults in free India could vote and participate in decision- making. Question 4. How can all the citizens participate in the decision–making process of the government? Solution:In a democracy general elections are held and all adults have a right to vote. The citizens elect a few people to represent them in the Parliament. The Parliament is made up of all these representatives. These representatives are known as Members of the Parliament. One group, from among these elected representatives forms the government. It is through these representatives that the citizens take part in the decision-making of the government. Question 5. Who designed the Parliament house in India? Solution: The Parliament house in India was designed by the British architect Herbert Baker.

12. DAY -2

13. The Indian Parliament The Indian Parliament has Immense powers because it is a representation of the people.

14. Bicameral Parliament of India The Lok Sabha Also called the Lower house  of the Parliament   / House of the people. Maximum Strength is 552. At present there are 545 members. ( 543+2) The period of Lok Sabha is FIVE years. 530 members are directly elected from the States and 13 from Union Territories, while two are nominated by the President to represent the Anglo- Indian community. Prime Minister is the Leader of the Lok Sabha Money bills can be only introduced in the Lok Sabha.it grants the money for the administration of the country. It is more powerful than Rajya Sabha. The  Rajya Sabha Also called the Upper House / Council Of states. Maximum Strength    is 250  members. Present members are 245 (233+12 ) It is a permanent body. Its 1/3 rd. members retire every 2 years. 233 members represent the States and the Union Territories, and  1 2 member s  are nominated by the President, for their contributions in the feild of art , literature, science, and social service. The Vice – president acts as the chairman. It does not exercise much control over the Money Bill. Less power than the Lok Sabha.

15. Lok Sabha

16. Rajya Sabha

17. The Candidates who contest in elections  usually belong to different political parties. The candidates may even contest as individual candidates too. Once these candidates have been elected, they become Members of Parliament ( MPs). These MPs make up the Parliament. Candidates elected for the state legislative Assembly through elections are known as MLAs

18. Forming our Parliament

19. Today's Mission ... Differentiate between the two houses of the parliament. Briefly explain the role of the Parliament. What is the question hour?

20. Question 6. What is an EVM? Solution: An EVM is an Electronic Voting Machine used for elections in India. Indian voting machines use a two-piece system with a balloting unit presenting the voter with a button for each choice connected by a cable to an electronic ballot box. Question 7. What is a constituency? Solution: The country is divided into many areas for election purposes. Each area is called a constituency. A representative is elected from each constituency to serve in the legislative body. Question 8. Mention the 2 houses of the Indian Parliament. Write a brief note on the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. Solution: The 2 Houses of the Indian Parliament are … The Rajya Sabha The Rajya Sabha functions primarily as the representative of the states of India, in the Parliament. There are 233 elected members plus 12 members nominated by the President. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of various states. The Rajya Sabha plays an important role of reviewing and altering the laws initiated by the Lok Sabha. Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha, known as the House of the People, with a total membership of 543, is presided over by the Speaker. The country is divided into 543 Lok Sabha constituencies. During a Lok Sabha election, people from different political parties stand for elections. Once elected, these candidates become Members of Parliament or MPs. These MPs together make up the Parliament.

21. DAY-3

22. Role of the Parliament To Select the National Government To Control, Guide and Inform the Government Law Making

23. The question hour is an important mechanism through which MPs can elicit information about the working of the government. This is a very important way through which the Parliament controls the executive. By asking questions the government is alerted to its shortcomings, and also comes to know the opinion of the people through their representatives in the Parliament, i.e. the MPs. Asking questions of the government is a crucial task for every MP. The Opposition parties play a critical role in the healthy functioning of a democracy. They highlight drawbacks in various policies and programs of the government and mobilize popular support for their own policies.

24. Know the Terms EVM :This stands for Electronic Voting Machine. Approval :This refers to the formal consent of the elected representatives that the Parliament continues to enjoy the people’s trust.  opposition party : In the Parliament, opposition includes all such political parties which oppose the majority party. The largest of these parties is called opposition party. Representative : The individual who is elected by the people.  Coalition : In case if one party does not get majority, then a group of political parties form coalition and elect a leader to form the government. Such government is known as coalition government.  Ruling party : This refers to the party which rules the country. unresolved : Such situations which do not have easy solutions to problems.

25. Let us Revise The Indian Parliament was formed after 1947 to enable the citizens of India to participate in decision making and control the government​ The Parliament is made up of elected representatives of different political parties and has a lot of power.​ The Parliament consists of total 543 representatives. They are called Members of Parliament.​ Parliament has two houses Lok Sabha, i.e. Lower House and Rajya Sabha, i.e. Upper House, headed by their presiding officers i.e., Speaker and Chairman respectively. ​

26. Let us Revise The Vice-President is the Chairman of Rajya Sabha. In the Parliament, some seats are reserved for SC, ST and women candidates. The Money Bill is presented only in Lok Sabha, whereas an ordinary bill can be presented in any of the Houses. The important functions of Parliament include making laws, and to control, guide and inform the government.

27. Question and Answers

28. Question 10. What are the three major duties of the Parliament? Solution: The three major duties of the Parliament are… To Select the National Government To Control, Guide and Inform the Government Law-Making Question 11. How is a National government selected? Solution: After the Lok Sabha elections, a list is prepared showing how many MPs belonging to each political party have won the elections. The Political party which has the majority of MPs will form the National government. A majority Party should have at least 272 MPs, that is, more than half of the total number of MPs in the Lok Sabha. Question 12. What is ‘Question hour’ in Parliament? Solution: The first hour of every sitting during a Parliament Session is called the Question Hour. During ‘Question hour’ Questions are posed by members to specific government ministries. The concerned Ministries have to answer these Questions on a fixed date. The Questions asked during ‘Question Hour’ highlights the shortcomings of the Government and also bring to light the opinion of the citizen through their representatives, namely the MPs. This Question Hour helps the Parliament to control the Executive (Government). Question 13. Write a brief note on the Members of Parliament. Solution:The Members of Parliament are from different backgrounds. Many members are from rural areas and from regional parties. Groups and peoples that were not unrepresented so far, are beginning to get elected to the Parliament. Today there are more number of people from the Dalit and backward castes and the minorities, in Parliament. It is good to have representatives in the Parliament from all sections of society, so that every Indian will be represented in the decision- making body.