Class 9 Geography Chapter Wise Topic Wise Notes Chapter 1 India Size and Location

This chapter provides an overview of India's geographical location, size, and significance. It describes India’s position in South Asia, its latitudinal and longitudinal extent, and its time zone relative to Greenwich Mean Time. The chapter highlights India’s neighboring countries, its land boundaries, and its vast coastline, explaining how these geographical factors contribute to its diversity and influence its climate, trade, and cultural exchange.

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CLASS IX
SOCIAL SCIENCE

2. INDIA: LOCATION
INDIA SIZE AND LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Social Science (Geography)
INDIA: LOCATION

India
• India is a vast country.
• India is lying entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.
• The mainland extends between
▪ Latitudes – 8° 4’N and 37° 6’N
▪ Longitudes - 68° 7’E and 97° 25’E
• The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30’N) divides the country into almost two equal parts.
Page 1

3. INDIA: LOCATION
INDIA LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Social Science (Geography)
• To the Southeast and Southwest of the mainland, lie the Andaman Nicobar Islands and the
Lakshadweep Islands in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea respectively.
• The Southernmost point of the Indian Union - Indira Point got submerged under the sea water in
2004 during the Tsunami.


SIZE ANDPage 2

4. INDIA: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHY
INDIA LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Social Science (Geography)
INDIA: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHY
India: Size
• The lands mass of India has an area of 3.28 million square km.
• India’s total area accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the total geographical area of the world.
• India is the seventh largest country of the world.
• India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km. The total length of the coastline of the mainland
including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7,516.6 km.

SIZE ANDPage 1

5. INDIA: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHY
INDIA LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Social Science (Geography)
India, Geography and Location
• India is situated on the northern hemisphere above the equator between the 8°4′ north to
37°6′ north latitude and longitude between 68°7′ east to 97°25′.
• India is bounded by the young fold mountains The Himalayas in the Northwest, North and
Northeast.
• The Tropic of Cancer, 23° 30'N roughly divides the country into two equal halves.

SIZE ANDPage 2

6. INDIAN LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
INDIA SIZE AND LOCATION
01
Class 9th Social Science (Geography)
INDIAN LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
India: Longitude and Latitude and their Significance
• The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30
o

• Despite this fact, the East - West extent appears to be smaller than the North
- South extent.
Longitudinal Extent: It influences the sunrise and sunset from East to West.
Latitudinal Extent: It influences the duration of day and night, as one moves
from South to North.
Longitudinal extent
• The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30
o
, therefore From Gujarat
to Arunachal Pradesh, there is a time lag of two hours.
Implications
Hence, time along the Standard Meridian of India (82
o
30’E) passing through Mirzapur (in Uttar
Pradesh) is taken as the standard time for the whole country.
Page 1

7. INDIA AND THE WORLD
INDIA LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Social Science (Geography)
INDIA AND THE WORLD
India and the World
• The Indian landmass has central location between the East and the West Asia.
• Southward extension of the Asian continent.
Strategic central location in India
• The trans Indian Ocean routes, which connect the countries of
Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia.
• The Deccan Peninsula protrudes into the Indian ocean, thus helping
India to establish close contact with West Asia, Africa, and Europe
from the Western Coast and with Southeast and East Asia from
the Eastern Coast.
• No other country has a long coastline on the Indian Ocean as India has.
Therefore, it is India’s eminent position in the Indian Ocean, which justify the naming of an Ocean
after it.
Indian routes to the world
India’s contact with the world
• India’s relationship with world through the land routes are much older than her maritime
contacts.
• The various passes across the mountains in the North have provided passages to the ancient
travellers, while the oceans restricted such interaction for a long time.
• These routes have contributed to the exchange of ideas and commodities since ancient times.
Ancient Connection
The exchange of ideas and commodities through these routes
• The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of
Panchatantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system thus
could reach many parts of the world.
• The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India
to different countries.
• On the other hand, the influence of Greek sculpture and the
architectural styles of dome and minarets from West Aisa can be seen
in different parts of our country.
SIZE ANDPage 1

8. INDIA AND THE WORLD
INDIA LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Social Science (Geography)

Suez Canal
Since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, India’s distance from Europe has been reduced by
7,000km.

SIZE ANDPage 2

9. INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
INDIA LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Social Science (Geography)
INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
India and South Asia
• India occupies an important strategic position in South Asia. India has 28 states and Eight union
Territories.
• India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan and Afghanistan in
the Northwest, China (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the North and
Myanmar and Bangladesh in the East.
• Our southern neighbours across the sea consist of the two countries,
namely Sri Lanka and Maldives.
• Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the
Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar, while Maldives Islands are situated to the
South of the Lakshadweep Islands.
• India has strong geographical and historical links with her neighbours.

SIZE ANDPage 1

10. INDIA LOCATION
INDIA: SIZE AND LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Geography

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the geographical location of India?
A. Northern Hemisphere. B. Southern Hemisphere.
C. Eastern Hemisphere. D. Western Hemisphere.
2 Which ocean lies to the south of India?
A. Atlantic Ocean. B. Indian Ocean.
C. Pacific Ocean. D. Arctic Ocean.
3 India shares its longest land border with which neighbouring country?
A. China. B. Pakistan.
C. Nepal. D. Bangladesh.
4 Which mountain range forms the northern boundary of India?
A. Western Ghats. B. Eastern Ghats.
C. Himalayas. D. Aravalli Range.
5 The Tropic of Cancer passes through which major states in India?
A. Rajasthan and Gujarat. B. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
C. Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. D. Haryana and Punjab.
6 What is the absolute location of India in terms of latitude and longitude?
7 Name the neighbouring countries of India?
8 How does the vastness of the Indian subcontinent affect its climate?
9 Explain how India's location has influenced its historical and cultural interactions with other
nations.
10 What are the major water bodies surrounding India?
Page 1

11. INDIA: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHY
INDIA: SIZE AND LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Geography

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the total land area of India?
A. Approximately 2.97 million sq km. B. Approximately 3.28 million sq km.
C. Approximately 1.96 million sq km. D. Approximately 4.21 million sq km.
2 India is located in which part of Asia?
A. Eastern Asia. B. Southeast Asia.
C. South Asia. D. Central Asia.
3 Which major river flows through the northern plains of India?
A. Godavari. B. Ganges.
C. Brahmaputra. D. Yamuna.
4 The southern part of India is known for its:
A. Dense forests. B. Vast deserts.
C. High mountains. D. Plateaus.
5 Which Indian state is known as the "Land of Five Rivers"??
A. Punjab. B. Haryana.
C. Rajasthan. D. Gujarat.
6 What is the total land area of India, and how does it rank in terms of size among the
countries of the world?
7 Explain how the Himalayan Mountains have influenced the geography of India.
8 Name the major physical divisions of India.
9 Describe the significance of the Thar Desert in India's geography.
10 How does the location of the Western and Eastern Ghats impact the rainfall patterns in India?
Page 1

12. INDIAN LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
INDIA: SIZE AND LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Geography

(Practice Sheet)
1 What is the equator's position in terms of latitude
A. 0 degrees latitude. B. 90 degrees latitude.
C. 180 degrees latitude. D. 360 degrees latitude.
2 Which line of latitude marks the Tropic of Cancer in India?
A. 0 degrees latitude. B. 23.5 degrees latitude.
C. 66.5 degrees latitude. D. 90 degrees latitude.
3 What is the latitude of the North Pole?
A. 0 degrees latitude. B. 90 degrees latitude.
C. 180 degrees latitude. D. 360 degrees latitude.
4 Which line of longitude passes through the prime meridian?
A. 0 degrees longitude. B. 90 degrees longitude.
C. 180 degrees longitude. D. 360 degrees longitude
5 What is the longitude of the International Date Line?
A. 0 degrees longitude. B. 90 degrees longitude.
C. 180 degrees longitude. D. 360 degrees longitude.
6 What are latitude and longitude, and why are they important for understanding the
location of places on Earth?
7 Which meridian has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India?
8 What is the significance of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn in terms of
latitude?
9 How does the latitude of a place affect its climate?
10 What is the latitudinal extent of India? How is the latitudinal spread in India advantageous to
her?
Page 1

13. INDIA AND THE WORLD
INDIA: SIZE AND LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Geography

(Practice Sheet)
1 Which continent is India located in?
A. Europe. B. Asia.
C. Africa. D. North America.
2 Which major ocean is to the south of India?
A. Atlantic Ocean. B. Indian Ocean.
C. Pacific Ocean. D. Arctic Ocean.
3 India shares its longest border with which neighbouring country?
A. China. B. Pakistan.
C. Nepal. D. Bangladesh.
4 Which country lies to the west of India across the Arabian Sea?
A. Sri Lanka. B. Pakistan.
C. Bangladesh. D. Saudi Arabia.
5 Which international organization is India a member of?
A. European Union (EU). B. United Nations (UN).
C. African Union (AU). D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
6 Explain the significance of India's location with respect to its relations with neighbouring
countries.
7 Name the countries that share their borders with India and briefly describe the nature of
India's relations with them.
8 How does India's location impact its trade and economic activities with other countries?
9 Explain how India's location has contributed to its cultural exchanges with other nations.
10 What role does India play in international organizations and forums due to its geographical
location?
Page 1

14. INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
INDIA: SIZE AND LOCATION
01
Class 9
th Geography

(Practice Sheet)
1 Which of the following countries does NOT share a land border with India?
A. Nepal B. Bhutan
C. Sri Lanka D. Pakistan
2 India shares its longest border with which neighbouring country?
A. China B. Pakistan
C. Nepal D. Bangladesh
3 Which country is located to the west of India across the Arabian Sea?
A. Sri Lanka B. Pakistan
C. Bangladesh D. Saudi Arabia
4 Which neighbouring country of India is known as the "Land of the Thunder Dragon"?
A. Nepal B. Bhutan
C. Myanmar D. Sri Lanka
5 The Palk Strait separates India from which neighbouring country?
A. Pakistan B. Nepal
C. Sri Lanka D. Bangladesh
6 Name the countries that share their borders with India and briefly describe one key aspect
of India's relations with each of these neighbours.
7 What are some geographical features that define India's borders with its neighbouring
countries?
8 Explain the significance of the Line of Control (LoC) in India's relations with Pakistan.
9 What role does India play in regional organizations like SAARC (South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation) due to its geographical location?
10 Describe one key economic aspect of India's relations with Bangladesh.
Page 1

15. Chapter 1
India - Size and Location
Exercise
Questions: 1
A. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through
a.Rajasthan
b.Orissa
c.Chhattisgarh
d.Tripura
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer doesn’t pass through Orissa. The Tropic of
Cancer is the parallel of latitude that is almost 23.1/2 degrees north of
the equator and is the northernmost latitude reached by the overhead
sun.
(A) Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
The easternmost longitude of India is
A. 97°25'E
B. 68°7′E
C. 77°6′E
D. 82°32′E
Answer:
To avoid any confusion 97°25'E (easternmost longitude) and
68°7′E (westernmost longitude) is considered to be the Standard
Meridian of India.
(B) Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim have
common frontiers with
A. China
NCERT TEXTBOOK SOLUTION

16. B. Bhutan
C. Nepal
D. Myanmar
Answer:
Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim have
common frontiers with Nepal. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur
and Mizoram have common frontiers with Myanmar.


(C) Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
If you intend to visit Kavarati during your summer vacations,
which one of the following Union Territories of India you will
be going to
A. Pondicherry
B. Lakshadweep
C. Andaman and Nicobar
D. Diu and Daman
Answer:
If we intend to visit Kavarati during our summer vacations, then we
will be going to Lakshadweep islands. Kavarati is the capital of
Lakshadweep islands.


(D) Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
My friend hails from a country which does not share land
boundary with India. Identify the country.
A. Bhutan
B. Tajikistan
C. Bangladesh
D. Nepal
Answer:

Tajikistan does not share land boundary with India. India shares its land
boundary with Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Srilanka,
Afghanistan, China and Pakistan.

17. 2.
(A) Answer the following questions briefly:
Name the group of islands lying in the Arabian Sea.

Answer:
Lakshadweep islands lies in the Arabian Sea. Lakshadweep islands is
a group of 36 islands and has a total land area of 32 sq. kilometre.

(B) Answer the following questions briefly:
Name the countries which are larger than India.
Answer:
The following countries are larger in size than India:
(i) Russia
(ii) Canada
(iii) China
(iv) U.S.A
(v) Brazil
(vi) Australia

(C) Answer the following questions briefly:
Which islands group of India lies to its south-east?
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar lies to the South east of India. Port Blair is the
capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and has an area of 8,249 km
2. There are 572 islands in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(D) Answer the following questions briefly:
Which island countries are our southern neighbours?
Answer:
India’s southern neighbors are Sri Lanka and Maldives. India shares
smooth ties with both Sri Lanka and Maldives and many Indian
travellers visit Sri Lanka and Maldives every year.


3. The sun rises two hours earlier in eastern parts of Arunachal Pradesh

18. as compared to Gujarat in the west but the watches show the same
time. How does this happen?
Answer:
The earth moves around its axis and completes one rotation (360′) in
about 24 hours. Also, the longitudinal gap between Arunachal Pradesh
and Gujarat is approximately 30′. Because of this gap there is a
difference of two hours between these two states. Arunachal Pradesh is
located in the east and hence, sun rises earlier here as compared to
Gujarat. However, Indian Standard time is taken Standard Meridian of
82.30′ and this is why the watches in both the states show the same
time.


4. The central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is
considered of great significance. Why?
Answer:
Location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is considered
significant because:
(i) India has got the strategic advantage because of the Trans Indian
Ocean routes that connect the Western European countries with the
countries of East Asia.
(ii) The location of India has helped her in establishing close ties with
West Asian and African and European countries from the west Coast
and with the Southeast and East Asian countries from the Eastern coast.
India’s ties with other countries are based on several factors for
physiological, anatomical, spiritual, technical, and material knowledge.
(iii) India enjoys a distinct type of climatic condition from the rest of
the other Asian countries due to its long coastline.

Map Skills
1.
(A) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The Island groups of India lying in the Arabian Sea and the Bay
of Bengal.

19. Answer:



Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea and Andaman Nicobar Islands
in the Bay of Bengal. The island groups of India can be divided into
two parts according to their location. Among the islands located in the
Bay of Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar group of islands are the most
important group of islands. Arabian Sea islands are closer to the
mainland, so they are comparatively developed.

20. (B) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The countries constituting Indian Subcontinent.
Answer:
India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
constitute Indian sub-continent.
The term “subcontinent” signifies a “subdivision of a continent which
has a distinct geographical, political, or cultural identity” and also a
“large land mass somewhat smaller than a continent”.



(C) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes.
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer passes through Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
The Tropic of Cancer is currently 23°26′13.2″ north of the Equator. It
lies in the Northern Hemisphere; its southern counterpart is ‘The Tropic
of Capricorn’.

21. (D) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The northern most latitude in degrees
Answer:
37° 6 N is the northernmost latitude of India.
The northernmost and southernmost latitude of India lies in the
Northern Hemisphere.


(E) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland in degrees.
Answer:
8° 4′ N is the southernmost latitude of the Indian mainland.
The southernmost point of the Indian Union– ‘Indira Point’ got
submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the Tsunami.


(F) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The eastern and the westernmost longitude in degrees.
Answer:
Westernmost longitude of India- 68° 7′ E and Easternmost longitude of
India - 97° 25′ E
The Westernmost longitude of India is just east of Kibithu in Arunachal
Pradesh and the easternmost longitude of India is just west of Ghuar
Mota in Gujarat.


(G) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The place situated on the three Seas.
Answer:
Kanyakumari is a town in Tamil Nadu and is situated on three water
bodies, namely; Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.

22. (H) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The strait separating Sri Lanka from India.
Answer:
The Palk Strait separates Sri Lanka from India. It lies in Tamil Nadu in
India and the Mannar district of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka.


(I) Identify the following with the help of map reading:
The Union Territories of India.
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli,
Daman and Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry are the seven
Union Territories of India.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands is the largest Union Territory of India.
Lakshadweep islands is the smallest Union Territory of India.


Project/Activity
1. Find out the longitudinal and latitudinal extent of your state.
Answer:
In every map, the degrees are mentioned and students can draw dotted
lines to connect these degrees from North to South and East to West to
determine the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of their respective
states.


2. Collect information about the 'Silk Route'. Also find out the new
developments, which are improving communication routes in the
regions of high altitude.
Answer:

23. Students should collect information themselves with proper guidance
from teachers. Students may use the below information while
answering the question.
(i) Silk route holds historical significance as it was an essential
transnational trade route between China and Mediterranean Sea.
(ii) Silk was exported from China to the Western countries via this
route.
(iii) This route promoted exchange of cultural heritage.
(iv) In modern times, several new developments are being taken for
improving the communication routes in the areas of high elevation.
(v) Development in technology has made the areas advance in terms of
better transportation and communication lines.

24. INDIA SIZE AND LOCATION
MIND MAP
01
Class 9
thSocial Science(Geography)Page 1

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Data Science (Class VIII
only)
Augmented Reality /
Virtual Reality
Digital Citizenship Life Cycle of Medicine &
Vaccine
Things you should know
about keeping Medicines
at home
What to do when Doctor
is not around
Humanity & Covid-19 Blue Pottery
Pottery Block Printing

39. Food Food Preservation Baking Herbal Heritage
Khadi
Mask Making Mass Media
Making of a Graphic
Novel
Kashmiri
Embroidery Embroidery
Rockets
Satellites
Application of
Satellites
Photography

40. SKILL SUBJECTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL (CLASSES IX – X)
Retail
Information Technology
Security
Automotive
Introduction To Financial
Markets
Introduction To Tourism

Beauty & Wellness Agriculture
Food Production
Front Office Operations Banking & Insurance Marketing & Sales
Health Care
Apparel
Multi Media
Multi Skill Foundation
Course
Artificial Intelligence
Physical Activity Trainer
Data Science
Electronics & Hardware
(NEW)
Design Thinking & Innovation (NEW)
Foundation Skills For Sciences
(Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology)(NEW)

41. SKILL SUBJECTS AT SR. SEC. LEVEL
(CLASSES XI – XII)
Retail
InformationTechnology
Web Application Automotive
Financial Markets Management Tourism
Beauty & Wellness Agriculture
Food Production Front Office Operations Banking
Marketing
Health Care
Insurance
Horticulture
Typography & Comp.
Application
Geospatial Technology
Electrical Technology
Electronic Technology Multi-Media

42. Taxation
Cost Accounting
Office Procedures &
Practices
Shorthand (English)
Shorthand (Hindi)
Air-Conditioning &
Refrigeration
Medical Diagnostics Textile Design
Design
Salesmanship
Business
Administration
Food Nutrition &
Dietetics
Mass Media Studies
Library & Information
Science
Fashion Studies
Applied Mathematics
Yoga Early Childhood Care &
Education
Artificial Intelligence
Data Science
Physical Activity
Trainer(new)
Land Transportation
Associate (NEW)
Electronics &
Hardware (NEW)
Design Thinking &
Innovation (NEW)

43. Join School of Educators Signal Groups
You will get Pre- Board Papers PDF, Word file, PPT, Lesson Plan, Worksheet, practical
tips and Viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum, syllabus,
marking scheme, toppers answer scripts, revised exam pattern, revised syllabus,
Blue Print etc. here . Join Your Subject / Class signal Group.
Kindergarten to Class XII
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5 Class 6
Class 7 Class 8 Class 9
Class 10
Class 1
Class 11 (Humanities)Class 11 (Science)
Class 11 (Commerce) Class 12 (Science) Class 12 (Humanities)
Class 12 (Commerce) Kindergarten
Artifical intelligence

44. Subject Wise Secondary and Senior Secondary
Groups IX & X
Secondary Groups (IX & X)
SST Mathematics Science
English Hindi-A
IT Code-402
Hindi-B
Senior Secondary Groups XI & XII
Physics
Chemistry English
Mathematics
Biology Accountancy
Economics
BST
History
IT Artifical intelligence

45. Geography Sociology
Hindi Elective
Hindi Core
Home Science Sanskrit
Psychology Political Science Painting
Vocal Music
Comp. Science
IP
Physical Education APP. Mathematics
Legal Studies
Entrepreneurship French
Artifical intelligence CUET
IIT/NEET

46. Join School of Educators CBSE Telegram Groups
Kindergarten
All classes Class 1 Class 2
Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
Class 6 Class 7 Class 8
Class 9 Class 10 Class 11 (Sci)
Class 11 (Com) Class 11 (Hum) Class 12 (Sci)
Class 12 (Com) Class 12 (Hum)
JEE/NEET
CUET
NDA, OLYMPIAD, NTSE Principal Professional Group
Teachers Professional Group Project File Group

47. Join School of Educators ICSE Telegram Groups
Kindergarten Class 1 Class 2
Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
Class 6 Class 7
Class 8
Class 9
Class 10
Class 11 (Sci)
Class 11 (Com) Class 11 (Hum) Class 12 (Sci)
Class 12 (Com) Class 12 (Hum)

48. WWW.EDUCATORSRESOURCE.IN