CLASS VIII SOCIAL STUDIES PPT HISTORY SUBJECT

The making of national movement

1. The Making of the N a tional M o v eme n t: The early INC History | Ls-11 | Class 8 | CBSE | Social Science

2. The Indian National Congress was established in 1885 at Bombay. In its first meeting at Bombay, 72 delegates from all over the country were present. The early leadership was mainly composed of people from Bombay and Calcutta. Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W. C. Bonneryji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, etc. were part of the early leadership of Congress. The Birth of the INC

3. T h e F i r s t m e e t i n g o f I N C

4. In its first twenty years, the Congress was “moderate” in its objectives and methods. During this period, the main demand of Congress was about getting a greater voice for Indians in the government and administration. A N A TION IN THE MAKING

5. The Congress wanted better representation of Indians in the Legislative Councils. Introduction of the Legislative Council in those provinces where none existed. The Congress made a demand for civil service examinations to be held in India also. The Congress also demanded a separation of judiciary and executive, the repeal of Arms Act and freedom of speech and expression. S O ME OF THE DEMAN D S MADE B Y THE C ONGR E SS DURING THIS PERIOD ARE AS F OL L OWS:

6. He was an Indian Punjabi author and politician who is chiefly remembered as a leader in the Indian Independence movement. He was also associated with activities of Punjab National Bank and Lakshmi Insurance Company in their early stages. His death anniversary (17 November) is one of several days celebrated as Martyrs' Day in India. Lala Lajp a t R ai

7. Reduction in revenue, cut in military expenditure and more funds for irrigation. The Congress also passed various resolutions on the salt tax, treatment of Indian labourers abroad and the suffering of forest dwellers. These demands show that in spite of being a body of the educated elite, the Congress also talked about the common people. The Moderate leaders wanted to create public awareness about the unjust nature of British rule. In order to do so, they published newspapers, wrote articles and tried to show the bad effects of the British rule. ECONOMIC DEMANDS WHICH WERE DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF THE C ONGR E SS ARE AS F OL L OWS:

8. INDIAN NATIONAL C O N G R E SS IN D E L tfI NEAR RASTRAPATtfI BtfAVAN.

9. BAL GANGADHAR TILAK Born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him "Father of the Indian unrest." He was also conferred with the honorary title of "Lokmanya", which literally means "accepted by the people (as their leader)”. Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of “Swaraj" and a strong radical in Indian consciousness.

10. People all over India were angry with the partition of Bengal. All sections of the Congress opposed it. Large public meetings and demonstrations were held to protest the decision. The struggle against the partition of Bengal came to be known as the Swadeshi Movement. It was strongest in Bengal but was felt in other parts of the country as well. It was known as the Vandemataram Movement in Andhra. AND ITS EFF E CTS… Bengal was partitioned in 1905 by Viceroy Curzon. At that time, Bengal was the largest province of British India. It included Bihar and parts of Orissa. Administrative convenience was cited as the reason for the partition of Bengal. Most of the analysts believe that the partition was done to reduce the influence of Bengali politician and to split the Bengali people. THE P A R TITION OF BENGAL

11. Sa r ojini Naidu Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad to Aghore Nath Chattopadhyay and Barada Sundari Devi on 13 February 1879. Settled in Hyderabad, where he founded and administered Hyderabad College, which later became the Nizam's College in Hyderabad. Her mother,Barada Sundari Devi was a poetess and used to write poetry in Bengali. She was the second woman to become the president of the Indian National Congress in 1925 and the first Indian woman to do so.

12. MAIN AIMS OF S W AD E SHI MO VEMEN T … 01 02 03 En c our age n a tional edu c a tion and u s e of Indian languages. En c our age the ideas of s el f - hel p , s w ad e shi e nt erpri s e . Opp o s e the British rule.

13. The radicals advocated mass mobilization and boycott of British institutions and goods. Some leaders also suggested the use of revolutionary violence to overthrow British rule. Muslim League: The All India Muslim League was formed at Dacca in 1906; by a group of Muslim landlords and nawabs. The League supported the partition of Bengal. Some seats in the council were reserved for the Muslims. The League wanted the representatives for those seats to be elected by Muslim voters. This demand was willingly conceded by the government in 1909. Split in Congress: There was a split in the Congress in 1907. The Moderates were opposed to the use of any kind of violence. After the split, the Congress came to be dominated by the Moderates. However, the two groups reunited in December 1915. In 1916, the Congress and the Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact. They decided to work together for representative government in the country. N e w chang e s in the 1900s…