Classification and Role of Plant Nutrients

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includes Plant Nutrients, Classification and Role of Plant Nutrients

1. Classification of Nutrients and Their Role Vikas Kashyap M.Sc (G&PB) Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut

2. What is Plant Nutrient? Plant nutrients are the chemical elements that are essential to the nourishment of plant health. OR A mineral plant nutrient is an element which is essential or beneficial for plant growth and development  

3. Classification of Plant Nutrient There are different basis of classification of essential nutrients: Quantity of nutrient required Mobility of  nutrient  in soil Mobility of  nutrient with in plant Functions in plant O n the basis of quantity of nutrient required : 1. Basic nutrients: These constitute 96% of total dry matter of plant. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Among these, carbon and oxygen constitute 45% each and hydrogen is 6%.

4. 2. Macro Nutrients The nutrients which are required by plants in large quantities are called macro or major nutrients. These are nine in number. Name of Macro nutrients: Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sulphur Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

5. Macro nutrients have again two categories: Primary Nutrients Among macro nutrients, Nitrogen , Phosphorus and Potassium are known as primary nutrients which are required in a proper ratio for a successful crop.   Secondary Nutrients Next to primary nutrients, there are three elements such as Calcium , Magnesium and Sulphur which are known as secondary nutrients.

6. 3. Micro nutrients These nutrients required by plants in small quantities and also known as minor or trace elements. These are eight in number Name of Micro nutrients: Manganese Iron Zinc Copper Boron Molybdenum Chlorine Cobalt

7. Classification on the basis of Mobility of Nutrient in the Soil 1. Mobile Nutrients: The nutrients are highly soluble and these are not adsorbed on clay complexes. Example: NO 3 - , SO 4 2- ,BO 3 2- , Cl -   and Mn+ 2 2. Less M obile Nutrients: They are soluble, but they are adsorbed on clay complex, so their mobility is reduced. Example:  NH 4 + , K + , Ca + , Mg 2+ , Cu2 + 3. Immobile Nutrients: Nutrient ions are highly reactive and get fixed in the soil. Example:  H 2 PO 4 - ,HPO 4 2- , Zn 2+

8. Classification on the basis of Mobility with in Plant Highly mobile:              N, P and K. Moderately mobile:     Zn Less mobile:                 S, Fe, Mn, Cl, Mo and Cu Immobile:                      Ca and B

9. Classification on the basis of Functions in the Plant 1. Elements that provide basic structure to plant Example:   Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen 2. Elements useful in energy storage, transfer and bonding: These are accessory structural elements which are more active and vital for living tissues. Example:  N, S and P. 3. Elements necessary for charge balance. Example:  K, Ca and Mg. 4. Elements involved in enzyme activation and electron transfer. Example:  Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo and Cl.

10. Role of Plant Nutrients

11. Role of Plant Nutrients Functions of Nitrogen Increasing the growth and development of all living tissue. Increasing germination of crops. Improves the quality of crop produce. It increase utilization of P and K.

12. Functions of Phosphorus It promotes to root formation and growth. Improve the quality of fruits. Rhizobia by increasing nodulation. Seed formation and leads to early maturity.

13. Functions of Potassium It increases the resistant in plants against moisture stress, heat, frost and disease. Im prove the crop produce quality. L odging resistant in cereals. Wilt resistant in cotton and mosaic virus resistant in cotton.

14. Functions of Calcium Increasing symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. It increases availability of molybdenum. Functions of Magnesium It is constitute of chlorophyll. Helps in the photosynthesis of the plants.

15. Functions of Sulphur Synthesis of glucosides in mustard oils. Promote to nodule formation. Functions of Iron A key role in nitrogen fixation. Helps in the photosynthesis. Formation of the chlorophyll.

16. Functions of Manganese Chlorophyll synthesis. Development of chloroplast. Increase availability of P and Ca in plants. Functions of Copper Chlorophyll formation. Electron transport from chlorophyll.

17. Functions of Zinc Role in photosynthesis. It regulates of auxin concentration. Flower setting and proper development of fruits, Functions of Molybdenum Synthesis of protein in the plants. Help in nitrogen fixation by rhizobia. Increases in availability of P and S in soil.

18. Functions of Boron Proper development of tissue. Help in maturity. Formation of cell wall.

19. References: https://www.agricultureinindia.net/ http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/ https://www.clemson.edu https://agriculturistmusa.com/ and other internet sources.