Classification of CWSN.pptx

Types of Disabilities

1. Types of Disabilities Amit Singh School of Education Central University of Haryana

2. Blindness Blindness  is defined as the state of being sightless. A blind individual is unable to see. In a strict sense the word blindness denotes the condition of total blackness of vision with the inability of a person to distinguish darkness from bright light in either eye.

3. Low-vision Low-vision means a condition where a person has any of the following conditions, namely: Visual acuity not exceeding 6/18 or less than 20/60 upto 3/60 or upto 10/200 ( Snellen ) in the better eye with best possible corrections; or Limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of less than 40 degree up to 10 degree.

4. Leprosy-cured persons The disease mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes . Leprosy is known to occur at all ages ranging from early infancy to very old age.

5. Hearing impairment Hearing impairment is a partial or total inability to hear. It is a  disability  which is sub-divided in two categories of deaf and hard of hearing. “Deaf” means persons having 70 dB hearing loss in speech frequencies in both ears. “Hard of hearing” means person having 60 dB to 70 dB hearing loss in speech frequencies in both ears.

6. Locomotor The term Locomotor is derived from the Latin words  loco  – “from a place” and  motivus  – “causing motion”. So locomotion means movement from one place to another. I t means problem in moving from one place to another — i.e.  disability  in legs. But, in general, it is taken as a disability related with bones, joints and muscles. It causes problems in person’s movements (like walking, picking or holding things in hand etc.

7. Dwarfism Dwarfism is a growth disorder characterized by shorter than average body height. Human beings with adult body height  less than 4 feet 10 inches  (147.32cm) are considered to be affected with dwarfism . The  average height  of dwarfism affected adult persons is 4 feet (122 cm)

8. Intellectual disability Intellectual disability, also known as general learning disability and mental retardation (MR), is a condition characterized by significant limitation both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior which covers a range of every day, social and practical skills.

9. Mental illness Mental illness or mental disorder refers to a substantial disorder of thinking, mood, perception, orientation or memory that grossly impairs judgment, behavior , capacity to recognize reality or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life. But it  does not include  retardation which is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a person, specially  characterized by sub-normality of intelligence.

10. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder which affects communication and behavior . Autism can be diagnosed at any age. But still it is called a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life. Autism affects affects the overall cognitive, emotional, social and physical health of the affected individual. Autism is called as a “spectrum” disorder because there is wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience.

11. Cerebral Palsy (CP) The word   “ Cerebral”  refers to Cerebellum — the brain part that usually gets damaged in CP.  “ Palsy”  refers to the resulting movement disorder . Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a disabling physical condition in which muscle coordination is impaired due to damage to the brain. It occurs at or before child birth.

12. Muscular Dystrophy (MD) Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is a group of neuromuscular genetic disorders that cause muscle weakness and overall loss of muscle mass. MD is a progressive condition; meaning that it gets worse with the passage of time. At present, there is no cure available for Muscular Dystrophy.

13. Chronic Neurological Conditions There are other conditions that can be categorized under Chronic Neurological Conditions. Some more examples can be: Alzheimer’s Dystonia ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease) Huntington’s disease Neuromuscular disease Multiple sclerosis Epilepsy Stroke

14. Specific Learning Disabilities Specific Learning Disabilities  is a group of disabling conditions that hampers a person’s ability to listen, think, speak, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.

15. Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis (often referred to as  MS ) is a disabling disease that affects Central Nervous System (CNS). It inhibits the flow of information within the brain and between brain and various body parts . MS is not life-threatening.

16. Speech and Language disability It means a permanent  disability  arising out of conditions such as aphasia affecting one or more components of speech and language due to organic or neurological causes.

17. Thalassemia Thalassemia is a genetically inherited blood disorder which is characterized by the production of less or abnormal hemoglobin . As a result of anemia , person affected with Thalassemia will have pale skin, fatigue and dark coloration of urine.

18. Hemophilia Hemophilia is a blood disorder characterized by the lack of blood clotting proteins. In the absence of these proteins, bleeding goes on for a longer time than normal. Hemophilia almost always occurs in males and they get it from their mothers. Females are rarely affected with hemophilia .

19. Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Disease is a group of blood disorders that causes red blood cells (RBCs) to become sickle-shaped, misshapen and break down . It can cause anemia , pain (varying both in intensity and duration), swelling, frequent infections and vision issues.

20. Multiple Disabilities Multiple Disabilities is the simultaneous occurrence of two or more disabling conditions that affect learning or other important life functions. These disabilities could be a combination of both motor and sensory nature.

21. Acid Attack Survivors Acid Attack Survivors are the people (mostly women) who became the victim of the crime of acid throwing. India is among the countries where the highest number of acid attacks happen.

22. Parkinson’s disease (PD) Parkinson’s disease (PD) is Central Nervous System disorder which affects movement. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by tremors and stiffness . After Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder.

23. RPWD Act 2016

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