Classification of fungi proposed by Ainsworth (1971)

Classification of fungi proposed by Ainsworth (1971)

1. Classification of Fungi proposed by Ainsworth (1971) Vaishali S.Patil Professor, Department of Botany Shri Shivaji College of Arts, Commerce & Science Akola

2. Ainsworth G. C. 1971, proposed a more natural system of classification of fungi. This classification is based on morphology , espe­cially of reproductive structure. Ainsworth in his dictionary of fungi treated the fungi as a separate and independent kingdom.

3. Outline of Ainsworth’s (1971) Classification Kingdom-FUNGI Somatic body a mass of free-living plasmodium with no firm wall Somatic body unicellular or multicellular filamentous Division-I MYXOMYCOTA Single class - Myxomycetes II EUMYCOTA Motile cells (zoospores) present : Perfect spore, oospore Motile cells absent Sub-divisions III MASTIGOMYCOTINA Pefect stage present Perfect stage absent VII DEUTERO MYCOTINA Perfect spore zygospore Perfect spores ascospores Perfect spores basidiospores IV ZYGOMYCOTINA V ASCOMYCOTINA VI BASIDIO MYCOTINA

4. Sub-division MASTIGOMYCOTINA Posteriorly uniflagellate zoospore (flagellum whiplash type) Anteriorly uniflagellate zoospore (flagellum tinsel type) Biflagellate zoospores (posterior flagellum whiplash type; anterior flagellum tinsel type) cellulose cell wal Biflagellate heterokontean swarmers (zoospore); flagella whiplash type Classes - CHYTRIDIOMYCETES HYPHOCHYTRIDIOMYCETES OOMYCETES PLASMODIOPHO ROMYCETES Orders 1.Harpochytriales 2. Chytridiales 3. Blastocladiales 4. Monoblepharidales 1. Hyphochytriales 1. Saprolegniales 2. Leptomitales 3. Lagenidiales 4. Peronosporales 1. Plasmodiophorales

5. Sub-division - ZYGOMYCOTINA Mostly saprophytic; sometimes weak parasites or mycoparasites some attacking insects but then developing mycelium inside instead of only attached to the inner lining of digestive tract; zygospores generally spherical in shape Mostly commensals with the guts of arthropods; hyphae attached to inner lining of digestive tract; rarely on external parts of aquatic living arthropods; zygospores where known bipolar or biconical Classes - ZYGOMYCETES TRICHOMYCETES Orders – 1. Mucorales 2. Entomophthorales 3. Zoopagales Harpellales Asellariales Eccrinales Amoebidales

6. Sub-division ASCOMYCOTINA Ascocarp and ascogenous hyphae absent; thallus mycelial or yeastlike ; asci naked Ascocarp and ascogenous hyphae present; thallus mycelial Ascus bitunicate ; ascocarp an ascostroma Ascus unitunicate ; if bitunicate ; then ascocarp an apothecium Asci scattered at various levels within a cleistothecium ; ascospores aseptate Asci regularly arranged forming a hymenium at the base or periphery of ascocarp . Ectoparasitic on Arthropods; thallus reduced; ascocarp a perithecium ; ascus inoperculate . Not ectoparasitic on Arthropods Ascocarp a perithecium; ascus inoperculate Ascocarp an apothecium , often massive; hypogeal or epigeal , ascus inoperculate or operculate Classes 1. 2 3 4 5 6 HEMI ASCOMYCETES LOCULO ASCOMYCETES PLECTOMYCETES LABOULBENIO MYCETES PYRENO MYCETES DISCOMYCETES

7. HEMI ASCOMYCETES LOCULO ASCOMYCETES PLECTO MYCETES LABOULBENIO MYCETES PYRENOMYCETES DISCOMYCETES Orders 1. Endomycetales 2. Protomycetales 3. Taphrinale 1. Myriangiales 2. Microthyriales 3. Hysteriales 4. Pleosporales 5. Dothideales 1. Eurotiales 2. Microascales 3. Onygenales 1.Laboul- beniales 1.Erysiphales 2. Meliolates 3. Coroyophorales 4. Sphaeriales 5. Clavicipitales 1. Helotiales 2. Pezizales 3. Tuberales Basidiocarps absent, basidium arising from thick walled probasidium , a teleutospore , teleuto-sorion host tissue, parasitic on vascular plants Sub-division BASIDIOMYCOTINA Well- developed basidiocarp present basidia arranged in a hymenium sapr ophytic , rarely parasitic Basidiocarp gymnocarpous or angiocarpous , hymenium exposed through out its development, i.e ., Gymnocarpous , hymenium enclosed in the first body, i.e., Angiocarpous Basidiocarp angiocarpous basid ium holobasidium Classes 1. 2 3

8. TELIOMYCETES HYMENOMYCETES GASTROMYCETES Basidium phragmobasidium Basidium holobosidium Sub-classes PHRAGMOBASIDIO MYCETIDAE HOLOBASIDIO MYCETIDAE Orders: 1.Uredinales 2.Ustilaginales 1.Tremellales 2. Auriculariales 3. Septobasidiales 1.Exobasidiales 2.Brachybasidiales 3. Dacrymycetales 4.Tulasnellales 5. Aphyllophorales ( Polyporales ) 6. Agaricales 1.Podoxales 2. Phyllales 3.Hymenogastrales 4. Lycoperdales 5. Geitiriales 6. Tulostematales 7. Nidulariales 8. Melanogastrales 9. Sclerodermatales

9. Sub-division - DEUTEROMYCOTINA Without pseudomycelium or pseudomycelium with yeast-like budding cells; true mycellium absent or underdeveloped Mycelium developed assimilatory budding cells absent Sterile mycelium, spores borne on sporophores , sporophores may be grouped together, but pycnia and acervuli are not formed Spores or conidia formed in pycnidia or acervuli Classs -BLASTOMYCETES Orders HYPHOMYCETES 1.Moniliales 2. Mycelia sterilia COELOMYCETES 1.Melanconiales 2. Sphaeropsidales