CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTICIDES AND THEIR MODE OF ACTION

The IRAC Mode of Action (MoA) classification provides growers, advisors, extension staff, consultants and crop protection professionals with a guide to the selection of acaricides or insecticides for use in an effective and sustainable acaricide or insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy.
Rules for inclusion of a compound in the MoA list
Names To be included in the active list, compounds must have, or be very close to having, a minimum of one registered use in at least one country.
when more than one active ingredient in that chemical sub-group is registered for use, the chemical sub-group name is used.
when only one active ingredient is registered for use, the name of that exemplifying active ingredient may be use

1. WELCOME DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, PJTSAU ,HYDERABAD CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTICIDES AND THEIR MODE OF ACTION N.RAMYA SRI RAD/ 2017-12

2. PURPOSE The IRAC Mode of Action ( MoA ) classification provides growers, advisors, extension staff, consultants and crop protection professionals with a guide to the selection of acaricides or insecticides for use in an effective and sustainable acaricide or insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy. Rules for inclusion of a compound in the MoA list Names To be included in the active list, compounds must have, or be very close to having, a minimum of one registered use in at least one country. when more than one active ingredient in that chemical sub-group is registered for use, the chemical sub-group name is used. when only one active ingredient is registered for use, the name of that exemplifying active ingredient may be use CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTICIDES AND THEIR MODE OF ACTION

3. CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTICIDES AND THEIR MODE OF ACTION Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 1. Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) inhibitors Nerve action 1A Carbamates Aldicarb , Bendiocarb ,, Carbaryl , Carbofuran , Carbosulfan etc 1B Organophosphates Acephate , Chlorpyrifos , Dichlorvos , Monocrotophos , Triazophos 2 .GABA-gated chloride channel blockers Nerve action 2A Cyclodiene Organochlorines Chlordane, Endosulfan 2B Phenylpyrazoles ( Fiproles ) Ethiprole , Fipronil

4. MODE OF ACTION OF (ACHE) INHIBITORS

5. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 3 .Sodium channel modulators Nerve action 3A Pyrethroids Pyrethrins Allethrin , Bifenthrin , Cypermethrin , 3B DDT Methoxychlor DDT Methoxychlor 4.Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR ) competitive modulators Nerve action 4A Neonicotinoids Acetamiprid ,, Imidacloprid , Thiamethoxam , 4B Nicotine Nicotine 4C Sulfoximines Sulfoxaflor 4D Butenolides Flupyradifurone 4E Mesoionics Triflumezopyrim

6. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 5. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR ) allosteric modulators Nerve action Spinosyns Spinetoram , Spinosad 6 .Glutamate-gated chloride channel ( GluCl ) allosteric modulators Nerve and muscle action Avermectins , Milbemycins Abamectin , Emamectin benzoate, Lepimectin , Milbemectin 7. Juvenile hormone mimics Growth regulation 7A Juvenile hormone analogues Hydroprene , Kinoprene , Methoprene 7B Fenoxycarb Fenoxycarb 7C Pyriproxyfen Pyriproxyfen

7. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 8 .Miscellaneous nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitors 8A Alkyl halides Methyl bromide and other alkyl halides 8B Chloropicrin Chloropicrin 8C Fluorides Cryolite (Sodium aluminum fluoride), Sulfuryl fluoride 8D Borates Borax, Boric acid, Sodium borate 8E Tartar emetic T artar emetic 8F Methyl isothiocyanate generators Dazomet , Metam

8. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 9.Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators Nerve action 9B Pyridine azomethine derivatives Pymetrozine , Pyrifluquinazon 10.Mite growth inhibitors Growth regulation 10A Clofentezine Diflovidazin Hexythiazox Clofentezine , Diflovidazin , Hexythiazox 10B Etoxazole Etoxazole 11.Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes 11A Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they produce Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis 11B Bacillus sphaericus Bacillus sphaericus

9. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 12.Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase ( Energy metabolism) 12A Diafenthiuron Diafenthiuron 12B Organotin miticides Azocyclotin , Cyhexatin , Fenbutatin oxide 12C Propargite Propargite 12D Tetradifon Tetradifon 13.Uncouplers of Oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient Energy metabolism Pyrroles Chlorfenapyr Dinitrophenols DNOC Sulfluramid Sulfluramid

10. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 14. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR ) channel blockers Nerve action Nereistoxin analogues Bensultap , Cartap hydrochloride, Thiocyclam , Thiosultap -sodium 15.Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0 Growth regulation Benzoylureas Chlorfluazuron,Diflubenzuon , Flucycloxuron 16.Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 Growth regulation Buprofezin Buprofezin 17.Moulting disruptors, Dipteran Growth regulation Cyromazine Cyromazine

11. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 18.Ecdysone receptor antagonists Growth regulation Diacylhydrazines Chromafenozide , Halofenozide , Methoxyfenozide , Tebufenozide 19.Octopamine receptor Agonists ( Nerve action) Amitraz Amitraz 20.Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors (Energy metabolism) 20A Hydramethylnon Hydramethylnon 20B Acequinocyl Acequinocyl 20C Fluacrypyrim Fluacrypyrim 20D Bifenazate Bifenazate

12. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 21.Mitochondrial complex I electron transport Inhibitors Energy metabolism 21A METI acaricides and insecticides Fenazaquin , Fenpyroximate , Pyridaben , Pyrimidifen , Tebufenpyrad , Tolfenpyrad 21B Rotenone Rotenone (Derris) 22.Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers Nerve action 22A Oxadiazines Indoxacarb 22B Semicarbazones Metaflumizone 23.Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase Lipid synthesis, growth regulation Tetronic and Tetramic acid derivatives Spirodiclofen , Spiromesifen , Spirotetramat

13. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors Energy metabolism 24A Phosphides Aluminium phosphide , Calcium phosphide , Phosphine , Zinc phosphide 24B Cyanides Calcium cyanide, Potassium cyanide, Sodium cyanide 25.Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors Energy metabolism 25A Beta- ketonitrile derivatives Cyenopyrafen , Cyflumetofen 25B Carboxanilides Pyflubumide 28.Ryanodine receptor modulators Nerve and muscle action Diamides Chlorantraniliprole , Cyantraniliprole , Flubendiamide

14. Main Group and Primary Site of Action Chemical Sub-group or exemplifying Active Ingredient Active Ingredients 29.Chordotonal organ Modulators - undefined target site Nerve action Flonicamid Flonicamid

15. THANK YOU