CLASSIFICATION OF Malocclusion skeletal and dental

undergraduate
inderprastha dental college and hospital

1. INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

2. CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL BY : - DR. SURBHI

3. What is occlusion? The relation of the Maxillary and Mandibular teeth when the jaws are: - Closed in centric relation - Without strain of musculature or displacement of condyles in their Fossa. INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

4. INTRODUCTION(MALOCCLUSION) A condition where there is departure from the normal relation of the teeth to other teeth in the same dental arch and/or to teeth in the opposing arch. The term was coined by Edward H Angle , the "father of modern orthodontics“. It is a condition that reflects an expression of normal biologic variability in the way the maxilla and mandible teeth occlude. (BISHARA) An occlusion in which there is a malrelationship between the arches in any of the planes of the spaces or in which there are anomalies in tooth position beyond the limit of normal. (Walther & Huston) INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

5. CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

6. TYPES OF MALOCCLUSION depends on ๏ INTRAARCH ๏ INTERARCH ๏ SKELETAL ✴ INTRAARCH: Includes variation in individual tooth position & a group of teeth within in a arch - Abnormal inclination - Abnormal Displacements - Spacing and crowding within the same arch INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

7. ✴ INTERARCH: Abnormal relationship between two teeth or group of teeth of one arch to the other. Types: - Sagittal plane malocclusions - Vertical plane malocclusions - Transverse plane malocclusions ✴ SKELETAL: Malrelation of the apical bases. Malrelation of the upper and lower apical bases is due to: - Abnormal size - Abnormal shape - Abnormal relation to the skull - Abnormal relation to each other. INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

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10. In 1890 Edward H. Angle published the first classification of malocclusion. The classifications are based on the relationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar and the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar. • Class I Malocclusion: • Class II Malocclusion: • Class III Malocclusion: INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

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12. Normal Occlusion: The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is aligned with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar. Teeth on line of occlusion, and there is normal overbite and overjet and coincident maxillary and mandibular midlines. (No Crowding, No spacing.) ANGLE'S CLASSIFICATION: MOLAR RELATIONSHIP INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

13. •Class I Malocclusion: A normal molar relationship exists but there is at least one feature such as crowding or crossbites, etc. INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

14. • Class II Malocclusion: A malocclusion where the molar relationship shows the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar distally positioned when in occlusion with the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar. INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

15. Class II :division 1 Class II: division 2 INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

16. • Class III Malocclusion: A malocclusion where the molar relationship shows the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar mesially positioned to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar when the teeth are in occlusion. INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

17. Class III Malocclusion: 2 types : • True class ІІІ malocclusion (Skeletal) • Pseudo class ІІІ (FALSE or postural) INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

18. Advantages: • First comprehensive classification- most widely accepted • Simple • Easy to use • Most POPULAR • Easy to Communicate Disadvantages: • Considers malocclusion only in anteroposterior plane not in transverse/vertical • Considered 1st molar as fixed point – skull • Deciduous dentition • 1st molar extracted • Doesn't distinguish between skeletal and dental malocclusion • Doesn’t highlight etiology • Individual tooth positions INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

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20. Class I: the lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediate below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors Class II: the lower incisor edge lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors Class III: the lower incisor edge lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors (Overjet is reduced or reverse) INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

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23. The canine relationship also provides a useful anteroposterior occlusal classification: INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

24. DEWEY'S CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION In 1915, Dewey refined Angle's class I and class III classification by creating distinct categories for misalignment in the anterior and posterior segments INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

25. MODIFICATION OF CLASS I TYPE 1 Angle's class I with crowded maxillary anterior teeth TYPE 2 Angle's class I with maxillary incisors in labio- version (proclined) INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

26. TYPE 4 Molars and premolar are in bucco and linguo version but incisors and canine are in normal alignment( posterior in crossbite) TYPE 3 Angle's class I with maxillary incisors teeth in Labioversion to mandibular incisors teeth( anterior in crossbite) INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

27. TYPE 5 Molars are in mesioversion due to early loss of teeth mesial to them INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

28. MODIFICATION FOR ANGLE'S CLASS III TYPE 1 Individual arches when viewed individually are in normal alignment, but when in occlusion the anterior are in edge to edge bite INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

29. TYPE 3 Maxillary arch is underdeveloped, in crossbite with maxillary incisors and crowded and the mandibular arch is well developed and well aligned. TYPE 2 The mandibular incisors are crowded and lingual to the maxillary incisors INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

30. SIMON'S CLASSIFICATION Malocclusion can occur in antero-posterior, transverse and in vertical planes. Simon had to put forward a craniometric classification of malocclusion that related the dental arches in all these three planes. It made use of three planes: 1. Frankfort horizontal plane 2. Orbital plane 3. Mid- sagittal plane INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

31. 1 2 3 INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

32. BENNETT'S CLASSIFICATION Normal Bennett based his classification on etiology: Class II:- Abnormal formation of a part of Or whole of either arch due to development defects of bone Class III:- Abnormal relationship between upper and lower arches, and between either arch and facial contour and correlated abnormal formation of either arch Class I: - Abnormal position of one or more teeth due to local causes INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

33. ACKERMAN- PROFITT SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Ackerman and Profitt in 1960 proposed a diagrammatic classification of malocclusion to overcome the limitations of Angle's classification. Salient features include: 1. Transverse as well as vertical discrepancies can be considered in addition to antero-posterior malrelation. 2. Crowding and arch asymmetry can be evaluated 3. Incisor protusion is taken into account as well INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

34. STEP 3( TYPE) transverse skeletal and dental relationship is evaluated. Buccal and palatal crossbite. The crossbite is further sure classified as unilateral and bilateral. STEP 2( PROFILE) profile is described as convex, straight, concave. STEP 1( ALIGNMENT) assessment of alignment and symmetry of dental arch. Classified as ideal, crowded, spaced. INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

35. STEP 5( BITE DEPTH) Malocclusion in vertical plane is noted. STEP 4( CLASS) Classified as Angle's class I and class II and class III malocclusion INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

36. Trans- sagittal Trans- Sagito vertical verticotransverse sagitovertical Profile Convex Concave Straight Ant divergent Post divergent Intra-arch alignment Ideal Crowding spacing INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

37. CONCLUSION Normal alignment of teeth not only contributes to the oral health but also goes a long way in the overall well-being and personality. Correct tooth position is an important factor for esthetics, function and overall preservation of dental health. So malocclusion should be considered as a factor that may affect the person's physical and mental health as well as their social status. INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

38. REFERENCE 1. International journal of orthodontia, 1915 2. Orthodontics, Art and Science, S.I. Bhalajhi 3. Contemporary orthodontics, William. R. Proffitt INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

39. THANK YOU INDERPRASTHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL