Classification of mushrooms

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1. Institute OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
s ‘o’ a du, BBsr


CLASSIFICATION OF MUSHROOM

2.  What are mushrooms?
 Classification
 Taxonomic Position
 Natural Habitat
C O NTENTS

3.  Human Consumption
 Reference
Mushrooms are fleshy, spore bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically
produced above ground, on soil or on it’s food source.
1.5 to 2 million species of mushroom present on earth, out of which 8000088000
species are identified. Among them 124 species are edible, from which 24-26
species are under cultivation and 4-6 species are commercially available.
There are 3 basis of classification of mushrooms.
Wh at are mushrooms?

4. 1. Taxonomic position
2. Natural habitat
3. Human consumption
C las sification

5. 1 . T axonomic Position
Fungi
Eumycota
Basidiomycotina
Hymenomycetes Gasteromycetes
Ascomycotina
Discomycetes Pyrenomycetes
KINGDOM
DIVISION
SUB
DIVISION
CLASS
- Agaricales
- Aphyllophorales
- Hymenogastrales
- Phallales
- Pezzizales
- Tuberales ORDER
- Cordyceps
- Hypomyces

6. In ecology a particular organism lives in a particular natural environment and
gives best result.
Inhabiting media Terminology Saprophytic
Parasitic/
Symbiotic
Humus
Humicolous/
Folicolous
Marasmiusspp.
Volvariellaspp.
Polyporous spp.
Boletus
Lactarius,
Tricholoma
spp. (S)
Wood Lignicolous
Agrocybespp.
Pleurotusspp.
Lentinus edodes
Armillaria mellea
Cyttariaspp.
(P)
2 . N atural Habitat

7. Dung Coprophilous
Agaricusspp.
Coprinus spp.

A. Edible mushroom
- Edibility may be defined by criteria that include absence of
poisonous effect on human and desirable taste and aroma.
1) Paddy straw mushroom ( Volvariella volvacea )
2) Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus )
3) Button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus )
4) Milky mushroom ( Calocybe indica ) 5)
Shiitake mushroom ( Lentinulla spp. )
Not available
6) Jew’s ear mushroom ( Auricularia spp. )
3 . H uman Consumption

8. Paddy straw mushroom
( Volvariella volvacea )
 Paddy straw mushrooms are extensively grown on paddy straw having fleshy
stipe 3-8 cm in length and dark grey cap that is 6-12 cm in diameter.


9. Oyster mushroom
( Pleurotus ostreatus )
 Oyster mushrooms are called as such as they look like oysters.
 They are soft and white in hot weather and greyish in cold weather.
 Stipe is usually very short and the color is as that of the pilus.
 The mushroom is fan like when young then gradually becomes deep
lobed to form branches.

10. Button mushroom
( Agaricus bisporus )
 The name is derived from it’s shape when it is quite young but the button
stage is only a passive stage which becomes umbrella like on it’s maturity.
 The gills are enclosed by a membrane in the young stage that extends
from margin of pilus to the stipe called as partial veil. It remains attached
to the stipe where it forms a ring known as annulus.

11. Milky mushroom
( Calocybe indica )
 Milky white mushroom is a species of edible mushroom native to India.
 The sturdy all white mushrooms appear in summer after rainfall in fields
and on road verges.

12. Shiitake mushroom (
Lentinulla spp. )
 This is an edible mushroom native to east Asia which is considered as a
medicinal mushroom in some forms of traditional medicine.

13. Jew’s ear mushroom
( Auricularia spp. )
 This mushroom is found worldwide and the fruiting body is
distinguished by it’s noticeably ear like shape and brown coloration
and grows upon wood.

14.  Some mushrooms are not edible because of their growing environment
or the way they smell or taste i.e quite unpleasant.
 Ex.- coprophilous fungi (grows on dung of cow other animals)

 Poisonous mushrooms are called as toadstools.

15. 1. Amanita phalloides ( Death cap )
- Amanita phalloides known as death cap, is a deadly poisonous
basidiomycetes fungus widely distributed across Europe.
- Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these
mushrooms are thermostable, so their toxic effects
are not reduced by cooking.
- The principal toxic constituents are alpha-
amanitin, which damages the liver and kidneys,
causing liver and kidney failures that are fatal.

16. 2 . Amanita virosa ( destroying angels )

17. - It is native to Eurasia and North
America.
- It belongs to a group known as
Orellani, all of which are highly toxic.
- Eating them results in kidney failure,
which is often irreversible.
3 . Cortinarius rubellus ( fool’s web cap )

18. ⁻ Amanita pantherine, also known as the panther cap and false blusher due to
4 . Am anita pantherina ( Panther cap )

19. its similarity to true blusher (Amanita rubescens) found in Europe and
western Asia.
⁻ The mushroom gives an unpleasant
smell like raw potatoes.

20. 5 . Amanita muscaria ( Fly agaric )
⁻





⁻

21. ⁻ Native to Europe and North America.

22. ⁻ The mushroom is an irregular brain shaped.
⁻ When mushroom is consumed, the
principal active agent, Gyromitrin is
hydrolyzed into the toxic compound
mono methyl hydrazine.
⁻ This toxin affects the liver, central nervous
system and sometimes the kidney.
⁻ Native to Europe and North America.
⁻ It is also known as sweating mushroom; it
derives this name from the symptoms of
poisoning (sludge syndrome).
6 . Gyr omitra esculenta ( False morel ) 7 . Clitocybe rivulosa ( Fool’s funnel )

23. ⁻ The main toxin of this mushroom is Muscarine.

24. 8 . Boletus satanas ( Devil’s bolete )
⁻
⁻

25.  Class note
 Book- Mushrooms for livelihood by Vijaya Khader (page no.- 14-17)
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calocybe_indica
 https://www.webmd.com/diet/health-benefits-
shiitakemushrooms#:~:text=Shiitake%20mushrooms%20contain%20
eritaden
ine%2C%20a,lentinans%20and%20other%20beta%2Dglucans
 https://www.delephant.com.au/black-fungus-wood-ear-
healthbenefits/#:~:text=Easily%20prepared%20%E2%80%93%20ca
n%20b
e%20served,enriching%20blood%20when%20consumed%20regular
l y
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubroboletus_satanas
Ref erence

26.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_phalloides
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyromitra_esculenta
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