Classification of reactions and reactors

excellent presentations about CRE

1. Basic P r o b lems o f Chem ical Re a cti o n En gi n e eri n g a nd Potenti a l o f Me m br a n e Re a ctors Departm e n t o f C hem i c a l En g i nee ri n g, Un iversi t y o f Eng i neer i n g & T e c hno l og y Peshawar, PAKISTA N

2. Cha l l enges i n Che m i cal Re acti o n Eng i nee ri n g  More t he n 3 000 s pec ia l ty c h em i ca l s appr o x imate l y 300 i n t e rmed i a te c hem ic a l s p r o duc e d i nd ustr ia l l y fr om  Th e vas t m a j ority o f t hes e i nterm e d iates a r e p ro d u ced fr o m a very li mi t e d n um be r of appr o ximat e l y 20 simp l e ba s e chemicals f or example, et hy lene, pr o py lene, b ut ane, a m mon ia, m ethan o l , su l fur ic a cid and chl ori n e.  T o perf o rm e ff iciently the l arge sp e c t r u m of c hem ic al rea c ti on s of i nte rest an ar s enal of spec i f i c re a ctor types a n d d e d i c a ted operat i n g re gim e s ha s b e en deve l op e d a n d i s a p p l i ed i n various i ndustr ies.  Th e des i gn o f eff i cient and r e li able r e a c ti o n pr o cess e s i s the core subjec t o f C hemical Rea c ti o n E ngi n e er i ng, a d i sc ip li n e which can be cons idered n owaday s as r ather mat u r e .

3. 29 May 2 16 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 2

4. Cha l l enges i n Che m i cal Re acti o n Eng i nee ri n g  Th e main sta r ti n g po i nt o f an ana l ysis o f r e acti n g sys t ems i s typica l l y an eval uat i o n and q uant i f i cati o n o f t h e rates o f t h e r e acti on s of i nter est.  B a sed on the spec i f i c p hys ical and chemical pr o pert i e s of th e r e actants and p r oduct s a wi d er ran ge o f tem p e r at u re a n d pr e s s u r e cond iti o ns has to b e c o ns i der ed d u r i n g the early deve l opme nt phases.  Th e s pe c t r u m o f re a c t o r typ e s avai l a b le a n d o p e rat i n g p r i n ci pl es a p p li c a b l e i s v e r y b r o ad.  Rea c ti o n s a n d r eact o rs a re o ft en cl a s s if i e d a c co r d i n g to the p h a se s pres e nt .  Ther e a re reacti on s that can b e car r i ed ou t i n a s i ngle p ha s e. However , i n a r e act i o n syste m often m ore pha s es are pre s e nt r e qu i ri n g mo r e so p h i st icat e d configuratio n s and op e r a ti o n m odes

5. 29 May 2 16 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 3

6. Cha l l enges i n Che m i cal Re acti o n Eng i nee ri n g  Th e en e rgy e ff i c i ency o f end oth e rmal and e x oth e rmal r e ac t i o n s pe r formed i ndust r i a l l y i s o f t e n n o t s ati sfac t ory. In reacti o n n e t works, the s e l ectivities and y i e ld s w ith r e spec t to a ce r t a i n t a rget prod u ct a re l i m it e d D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan  4 29 May 2 16  Ano t he r u sefu l cl a ss i f ica t i o n is b a se d o n t h e c h a r a cter o f t h e p r o ce s s a n d d i st i ngu i she s b et w een c o nt i n uou s a n d d i scont i n u o us (ba t c h ) o pe r ati o n s.  T o a c c elera t e t h e des ir ed r e a cti o n s a n d / o r to i nf l u en ce t h e s e l e ctivity i n r e a cti o n n e tw o rks w i th r es p ect to t h e ta r g e t p r o duc t s , f r e quent ly s pe c i f i c catal y st s are app l i e d .  The s e cat al y s ts might b e p r e s ent in the s ame phas e as the rea c ta nts (homo g eneous cat al y s i s ).  T o f i x t he s e ofte n ex p en s ive ma t e rials in cont i n u o u s ly o pera te d reac t o r s , c a t alys t s a r e o fte n d epos i t ed ( im m o b il i zed) o n t he surfa c e o f so l id por o u s supp o r t s ( het er o g eneo u s c a t alys i s).

7. Cha l l enges i n Che m i cal Re acti o n Eng i nee ri n g  Th e en e rgy e ff i c i ency o f end oth e rmal and e x oth e rmal r e ac t i o n s pe r formed i ndust r i a l l y i s o f t e n n o t s ati sfac t ory. In reacti o n n e t works, the s e l ectivities and y i e ld s w ith r e spec t to a ce r t a i n t a rget prod u ct a re l i m it e d D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan  5 29 May 2 16 De s p ite t h e l arge efforts dev oted to f urthe r deve l op the f ie l d of Chem ical React ion E ngi ne e ri ng , t h e per f ormance of h ow chem i cal react ion s a r e car r i e d o ut i ndustr ial l y st i ll su f fer s fr o m se v e r al se v ere li mi t a ti ons . Ver y i mportant a n d no t su f f i ciently s o l ved pr o b lems ar e :  Th e rat e s o f chemical r e act i o ns l ead in g to des ired prod u cts are oft e n too l o w to e sta b l i s h econom i c a ll y a t t r a c tive p r ocesses.  Th e co nver s i o n of many r eact io n s of i nte rest i s ther m o d y n a mi c al l y li mit e d , that i s , t h e react ion s p r oce e d al s o i n the o ppo s i te d irection a n d conve r t pr o duct s ba c k (revers i b l e react ions ) .

8. Cha l l enges i n Che m i cal Re acti o n Eng i nee ri n g  Th e en e rgy e ff i c i ency o f end oth e rmal and e x oth e rmal r e ac t i o n s pe r formed i ndust r i a l l y i s o f t e n n o t s ati sfac t ory. In reacti o n n e t works, the s e l ectivities and y i e ld s w ith r e spec t to a ce r t a i n t a rget prod u ct a re l i m it e d D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan  6 29 May 2 16 De s p ite t h e l arge efforts dev oted to f urthe r deve l op the f ie l d of Chem ical React ion E ngi ne e ri ng , t h e per f ormance of h ow chem i cal react ion s a r e carrie d o ut i ndustr ial l y st i ll su f fer s fr o m se v e r al se v ere li mi t a ti ons . Ver y i mportant a n d no t su f f i ciently s o l ved pr o b lems ar e :  Th e rat e s o f chemical r e act i o ns l ead in g to des ired prod u cts are oft e n too l o w to e sta b l i s h econom i c a ll y a t t r a c tive p r ocesses.  Th e co nver s i o n of many r eact io n s of i nte rest i s ther m o d y n a mi c al l y li mit e d , that i s , t h e react ion s p r oce e d al s o i n the o ppo s i te d irection a n d conve r t pr o duct s ba c k (revers i b l e react ions ) .

9. Concept s o f M embrane Reactors  In the a bo v e f i gure the c l a s s i c tu bu lar r eactor i s sh o wn.  Th is rea c tor p o s se s se s cl o s ed wal l s . T h u s , t h e rea c t a nts in t r oduc e d to g eth e r a t the r e act o r i n l e t (c o - fe e d m o de). a re t y p i c a ll y  Ofte n t ubu lar reac t o r s a r e f i ll ed w i th so l i d cata l y s t par tic l es i n o r de r t o inc r e a s e t h e r a tes a n d s e l ect i v i ties.  Th is cl a s s i c f i x e d - b e d o r pa c k ed – b e d re a c t o r ( P B R ) i s intens i vely s tud i e d and u se d wi de l y.

10. 29 May 2 16 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 7

11. D i f feren t c oncept s o f membr a n e reactors Conc e p t I: R eta i nm e n t o f hom o gene ou s cata l ysts  Th e membr a n e r eactor co nce pt sh ow n i n F i g ure explo its t he memb r ane to r etai n i n the r e actor s o l ub l e ( h omogen e ous ) catalysts.  Thus , i t a ll o ws fo r c o n t i n u o u s o pe r ati o n wi th o ut t h e n e ed t o s e par ate a nd recycle the typ i ca l l y v a l ua b l e c ataly s t s .  S u c ce s sfu l a pp li cati o n f o r v a ri ou s s y nth e s is react i o n s are de s c ri b e d , f o r exa m p le, b y (K ragl a n d Dre isb ac h ,20 2 ). 29 May 2 16 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 8

12. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti on s & Reactors Reacti on : - Chem i cal Reac t i on s are cla s s i f i ed as:         Synthes es React ion De c ompos iti o n Reac t i on S i ng l e -D i sp laceme n t React i o n Doub l e-D i sp la c ement React ion Comb u st i o n R eac t i on Pre c i p i t at io n R eac t i on Ox i dat i on/Reductio n R eac t i on Ac i d - Based R e ac t i on

13. 29 May 2 16 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 9

14. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 10 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16 [ 1 ]

15. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 11 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

16. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 12 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

17. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 13 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

18. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 14 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

19. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 15 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

20. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 16 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

21. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 17 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

22. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 18 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

23. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 19 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

24. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 20 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

25. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 21 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

26. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 22 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

27. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 23 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

28. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 24 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

29. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 25 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

30. 26 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16 C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons

31. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 27 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

32. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 28 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16 [ 2 ]

33. C las s i f i c ati o n o f Reacti ons 29 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

34. [ 3 ] 30 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

35. 31 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

36. 32 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

37. 33 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

38. 34 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

39. 35 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

40. 36 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

41. 37 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

42. 38 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

43. 39 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

44. 40 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

45. 41 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

46. 42 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

47. 43 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

48. 44 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

49. 45 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16

50. 46 D r . Sae e d GUL , De p art m e n t o f C h e m i c al E n gi n e e ri ng , UET P eshawa r , P aki stan 29 May 2 16