Classification of Reptiles

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1. Class bs botany Semester 3 rd FINAL TERM Course Title Diversity of animals.(vertebrate) Course code . Zool-604 Teacher’s name ms shahida aziz

2. Herpetology; study of REPTILES ( Creeping ANIMALS) Known Species .. 6500

3. REPTILES The FIRST AMNIOTES EVOLUTIONARY PRESPECTIVE Vertebrates have four different extraembryonic membranes: the chorion , the amnion. the allantois, the yolk sac, In vertebrates that lay eggs, the chorion is the outermost membrane and lines the inside of the egg shell . The allantois is a sac-like extraembryonic membrane that removes waste from the embryo.

4. CLASS REPTILIAN Familiar Living Reptiles Are Classified Into Four Orders: Oder Chelonia , Testudines (having a shell) Oder Crocodilia (Crocodiles) Oder Squamata (scaly) Snakes, Lizards Oder Rhynchocephalia Sphenodon punctatum (Tuatara)

5. ORDER – CROCODILIA Aquatic reptiles Snout is elongated.Nostrils are at the tip of snout. Skin thick with bony plates and scutes Limbs are clawed and webbed Males have one intromittent organ Teeths are latearlly compresed.homodont . Heart completely 4 chambered Examples-gharial, alligator and crocodile

6. TESTUDINES mean having a shell Body enclosed in a dorsal carapace and ventral plastron made of dermal bony plates Size ranges from 8cm to 200cm (over 6 feet) Teeth absent jaws with horny beaks Single nasal opening Limbs of aquatic forms modified into paddles Short tail Sternum is absent Cloacal respiration Longest lifespan Marine turties, fresh-water terrapins and terrestrial tortoises ORDER TESTO UDINES OR CHELONIA

7. ORDER-RHYNCHOCEPHALIA Single species sphenodon punctatus (tuatara) of New Zealand Skin with scales and mid dorsal row of spine Vestigial pineal eye present in parietal foramen Teeth acrodont (two rows of teeth,upper and lower jaw Eggs hatches in 13 months Living fossils

8. Lizards and snakes chameleon,geckos included Suborder sauria – lizards Suborder ophidia / serpentine – snakes Size from 10 cm to 10m long like python and anaconda. Most lizards and snakes are carnivores. More than 200 vertebrae and with pairs of ribs Jacobson organ (gustatory and olfactory organ) present in the roof of mouth Horny epidermal scales Teeth acrodont or pleurodont Male with double copulatory organ (hemipenes) Example – Calotes (garden lizard) ORDER – SQUAMATA(scaly)