Clean Production (produks bersih) untuk industri

produksi bersih

1. Contents Introduction Principles of Cleaner Production Phases of Cleaner Production Cleaner Production Practices Barriers to Cleaner Production Benefits of Cleaner Production Application of Clenaer Production in Palm Coconut Oil (Palm Oil)

2. Introduction Clean Production is one of the key ways to ensure sustainable development- there is or should be a close link between Cleaner Production and sustainable development.

3. Pricnpiles of Cleaner Production Four basic guiding princples are implied in the conception of cleaner production : The Precaution and preventative principle Precaution = about ensuring that workers are protected from irreversible ill-health and that the plant is protected from irreversible damage. Preventative = to look to upstream changes in the causal network of the system of production and consumption. 1 2 The Integration Principle - Integrartion involves adopting a holistic view of the production cycle. 3 The Comprehensive or democratic principle The comprehensive or democratic principle involves people, workers and local residents, in the way where production and consumption are organized. 4 The Continuity principle Cleaner production is a no-end process. Its implementation calls for the ever-lasting efforts of governments, industries and consumers.

4. Phases of Cleaner Production Source : Reddick, J.F., 2008

5. Cleaner Production Practices Cleaner Production offers several complementary techniques or practices, ranging from no cost or low c ost solutions to advanced clean technologies that demand high investment levels. Good Housekeeping -involves every phase of industrial operations and should apply throughout the entire premises, indoors and out Input Substitution -it involves replacement of input materials by less toxic or renewable materials Input Substitution -includes modification in Operational procedurs , equipment instructions and process ecord keeping in order to run the process more efficiently an at lower waste and emission generation rates. Equipment Modification - it modify the existing production equipment and utilities in order to run the processes at the higher efficiency, lower waste and emission generation rates. Production of useful by-product - Is the process of modification in the waste generation process in order to transform the wasted material inti a material that can be reused or recycled for another application within or outside the company. Production of useful by-product -minimize the environmental impacts of the product during or after its use (disposal) and minimize the environmental impacts of its production

6. Barriers to Cleaner Production Resistance to change Lack of information, expertise and adequate training Lack of communication within enterprises Perception of risk Difficulty in accessing cleaner technology Difficulty in accessing external finance The failure of existing regulator approaches Perverse economic incentives

7. Benefits Of Cleaner Production (CP) CP improves products and services CP lowers down the risks (ability) CP improves company image CP improves worker’s health and safety conditions CP reduces waste treatment and disposal costs CP can be integrated with the business environmental management systems CP saves costs on raw material, energy and water. CP makes companies more profitable and competitive

8. Application of Cleaner Production in Cucunut Oil (Palm Oil )

9. The production processes of palm oil mills (POM) include weighing, sorting, boiling, defoliation, compressing, and purifying. The weighing is to determine the amount of fruit to be processed after deduction of rejected fruit during sorting process. The fruit is then inserted into the boiling kettle to inactivate the lipase enzyme in the fruit. A system of three peaks (triple peaks) is used for boiling process, during which follows three peaks attributable to the steam filling and steam releasing, followed by steam filling, steam detention, and steam disposal in one cycle. 1. Production Process Technology 2. Waste Treatment Solid Waste Liquid Waste Gaseous Waste

10. Solid Waste Solid waste generated from threshing process, compression process and cracking seeds. The threshing process generates solid waste such as empty fruit bunches that is used as an organic fertilizer in the plantation. The compression process produces seed pulp while cracking process produces palm shells. Fiber and shells are used as fuel to generate steam in boiler units ( Fauzi , 2007). Liquid Waste Liquid wastes come from the boiling and clarification (purification) processes go through the channel to the sewage treatment pond. This pond consists of cooling (cooling pond), the first anaerobic (primary anaerobic pond), second anaerobic (secondary anaerobic pond), and last pond. The liquid wastes contain high levels of organic matter that can lead to significant pollution load. In general, the palm oil mill utilizes liquid waste for land application as fertilizer. Gaseous Waste Gaseous wastes are emitted through boiler stacks and generator sets. The Regional Body of Environmental Impact (a government body responsible for pollution control) where the mill located checks these wastes regularly in every six months. Hazardous solid wastes in the palm oil industry compose used batteries from the forklift, iron, and steel of broken machines. All theses wastes are collected or stored in a safe place before sell to collectors, processors, and users of used good.

11. 3. Potential Application of Cleaner Production The cleaner production application analysis included technical, economical, and environmental aspects. The order of application of the recommended alternative were: optimization of standard operating procedures affirmation, the efficiency of water use improvement, proper operation procedures assertion, the use of palm oil mill effluent as a source of alternative biogas energy, optimizing the use of empty fruit bunches as organic fertilizer, free fatty acid control with crop scheduling and efficient use of the truck, collecting the wasted oil by constructing condensate water reservoir, and prevention of fruit contamination.