Cleaning and disinfection of hospital

Detail description of Spoulding classification, cleaning and disinfection of Hospital

1. Fundamentals of Infections Control Aman Ullah B.Sc. MLT M. Phil Microbiology Master in Health Research Certificate in Health and Physical Education

2. Objectives Describe basic principles of cleaning, disinfection, sterilization Identify when to use cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization H ow to perform cleaning and disinfection of healthcare settings

3. Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization Cleaning General removal of debris (dirt, food, feces, blood, saliva and other body secretions) R educes amount of organic matter that contributes to proliferation of bacteria and viruses Disinfection Reducing the number of microbes on a surface to very low levels Sterilization killing or removal of all microorganisms

4. Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Settings Practice standards are based on Spaulding's Classification system Spaulding’s levels are based on the potential for infectious disease spread via equipment, instruments, furniture and others Spaulding’s levels: • Critical • Semi-critical • Non-critical

5. Critical Items Require sterilization Includes items that enter sterile tissue or the vascular system Examples include surgical instruments and accessories, biopsy forceps, cardiac and urinary catheters, implants, needles

6. Semi-Critical Items Require minimum high level disinfection (or sterilization) Includes items in contact with non-intact skin or mucous membranes Examples include respiratory therapy equipment, anesthesia equipment, flexible and laryngoscopes, bronchoscopes, GI endoscopes, cystoscopes, vaginal ultrasonic probes Cleaning process must precede high-level disinfection

7. Non-Critical Items Require intermediate-level or low-level disinfection Includes items in contact only with intact skin Examples include BP cuffs, stethoscopes, durable mobile patient equipment However, these items could potentially contribute to secondary transmission, by contaminating the hands of health care workers or by contact with medical equipment that will subsequently come in contact with patients

8. Cleaning The principal aim of cleaning is to remove visible dirt Mechanical process: the dirt is dissolved by water, diluted until it is no longer visible, and rinsed off Soaps and detergents act a solubility promoting agents Two main functions: nonmicrobiological (improve or restore appearance, maintain function and prevent deterioration), microbiological (reduce the numbers of microbes present, together with any substances that support their growth or interfere with disinfection/sterilization

9. Disinfection Activity of a disinfectant process can vary widely According to CDC following can be made: High-level disinfection : can be expected to destroy all microorganisms, with the exception of large numbers of bacterial spores. Intermediate disinfection: inactivates Mycobacterium tuberculosis , vegetative bacteria, most viruses, and most fungi; does not necessarily kill bacterial spores. Low-level disinfection: can kill most bacteria, some viruses, and some fungi ; cannot be relied on to kill resistant microorganisms such as tubercle bacilli or bacterial spores

10. Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection

11. Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection

12. Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection

13. Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection

14. Standard procedure for cleaning and disinfection

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