climate change of delhi impacts on climate and there effects

climate chnage delhi

1. Climate Change A Case study of Delhi Climate Change Agenda M Vikram 24011pa014

2. CLIMATE CHANGE Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns It is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human- induced alterations of the natural world; these latter effects are currently causing global warming, and "climate change" is often used to describe human-specific impacts. Its effects— higher temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, rising sea levels, and more frequent weather- related disasters— pose risks for agriculture, food, and water supplies .

3. How CO2 is responsible for global warming Carbon dioxide gas traps solar heat in the atmosphere. For this reason, carbon dioxide is called a "greenhouse gas." As more carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere, solar heat has more trouble getting out. If global warming occurs, not every day or every place will be warmer. But on average most places will be warmer. This will cause changes in the amount and pattern of rain and snow, in the length of growing seasons, in the frequency and severity of storms, and in sea level. Farms, forests, and plants and animals in the natural environment, will all be affected. .

4. MAJOR CAUSES  Carbon Footprint which leads to Global Warming is caused by many things.  The causes are split up into two groups natural causes and man-made causes. Natural Causes The earth’s climate is influenced and changed through natural causes like : volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the earth’s orbital changes and solar variations. One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A greenhouse gas is a gas that traps heat in the earth's atmosphere .

5. Man- Made causes major contributors to possible climate change: coal, oil, and natural gas, when burned release carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas. modest contributors to possible climate change: deforestation: when wood is burned, the carbon contained in the trees is released as carbon dioxide. When wood rots in swamps methane can be produced. Living trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. rice paddies, cattle, coal mines, gas pipelines, and landfills produce methane, another greenhouse gas, which today causes about 30% as much warming as carbon dioxide. fertilizers and other chemicals release nitrous oxide, which today causes about 10% as much warming as carbon dioxide. not significant causes of climate change: 🞑 aerosol spray cans 🞑 nuclear power 🞑 the space program - toxic waste

6. Another major man- made cause of Carbon Footprint is population. More people means more food, and more methods of transportation. That means more methane because there will be more burning of fossil fuels, and more agriculture Since CO 2 contributes to global warming, the increase in population makes the problem worse because we breathe out CO 2 . Also, the trees that convert our CO 2 to oxygen are being demolished because we're using the land that we cut the trees down from as property for our homes and buildings. We are not replacing the trees Man- Made Causes cont..

7. Climate Change impacts on all aspects of life on Earth : Air, Water, Land, Vegetation, and Noise. In urban areas the sources of pollution are many and the effort is to mitigate the impacts of these effects without compromising on urban development. The PM’s NAPCC is the guide for Delhi’s Climate Change Action Plan. ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

8. SOURCES OF GREEN HOUSE GASES/POLLUTION AIR : Transport is the biggest generator of green house gases and pollution in Delhi. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES are another source. WATER : Waste water pollutes the river Yamuna. LAND : solid waste contributes to land pollution including hazardous waste. NOISE : vehicles and generators are big polluters. VEGETATION : tree cutting for development projects impacts on carbon sinks.

9. PRIME MINISTER’S NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was released by the Prime Minister on 30th June 2008.It outlines a national strategy that aims to enable the country adapt to climate change and enhances the ecological sustainability of India’s development path. It stresses that maintaining a high growth rate is essential for increasing living standards of the vast majority of people of India and reducing their vulnerability of the impacts of climate change .

10. Eight National Missions, form the core of the National Action Plan , representing multi- pronged, long term and integrate strategies for achieving key goals in the context of climate change. These Missions are: National Solar Mission, National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency, National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, National Water Mission, National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system, National Mission for a Green India, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture and National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change.

11. CLIMATE CHANGE AGENDA FOR DELHI 2009-2012 It broadly follows the NAPCC except two aspects of Himalayan Ecosystem and Agriculture and is adapted to urban challenges of Delhi as an emerging global metropolis. Much of Climate Change debate relates to reduction of Green House Gases CO 2 in particular in many sectors and improving environmental accountability of planners and implementers to create a new planning method based on practical experience. The Climate Change Agenda for Delhi 2009- 12 by the Government of NCT of Delhi put forth several action items that the Government intendeed to undertake in the coming years. Six Missions are relevant to Delhi :

12. National Action Plan for Climate Change Six Missions are relevant to Delhi : Solar Mission Enhanced Energy Efficiency Mission Sustainable Habitat including public transport Green India Water Mission Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

13. DELHI – AN UNIQUE CITY Landlocked city with 1483 sq.Km. area Population - approx. 17 million Vehicular Population – more than 7 million Vehicle daily entering from other states- 0.15 Million Extreme climate 2- 46 degree Celsius Rains only in Monsoon or scanty winter rains .

14. Carbon Footprint Scenario of Delhi A Study on “Inventorization of Green House gases – Sources & Sinks in Delhi” had been carried out by Delhi University. This study covered different emission sources namely, transportation, industrial, residential, commercial, and power plants. Estimated CO 2 emission from Delhi is around 15.42 million metric Tons.

15. 3 YEAR ACTION PLAN Delhi Govt. had formulated Climate Change Agenda for Delhi in 2009- 2012 Agenda consisted of 65 action points with well defined Targets : Solar Mission Energy Efficiency Sustainable Habitat Green India Water Conservation Strategic Knowledge : : 4 actions : 7 actions : 22 actions : 11 actions : 10 actions 11 actions

16. SOLAR MISSION Solar water heating capacity to increase from 50000 ltrs to 500000 ltrs by giving subsidy of Rs 6000 per house hold upto Rs 60000 for 1000 litres - (EEREMC, PWD, MCD, ENV) DERC to set standard to encourage standard Tariff order ( DERC,Power ) 10% energy to be saved by energy efficiency by day metering to encourage saving of peak time energy use and shift demand to off peak hours - ( DERC,Power,DISCOMs,EEREMC ) Install Solar Water Heating in all Govt buildings (PWD,MCD,CPWD,NDMC)

17. ENERGY EFFICIENCY 100 existing buildings to be retrofitted for energy Efficiency -(EEREMC, PWD, ENV ,MCD) 25 lacs bulbs to be replaced by CFL - (DISCOM, EEREMC, ENV) Use of CFL and recovery of mercury from CFL - (Env, DPCC, DICOMs, Manufacurer ) 100% Treatment of E-waste through a facility - (Env, DPCC) Star Rating of all electrical equipment - (BEE,EERMC) Energy Conservation Awards to encourage energy consciousness - ( Env,EEREMC ) Data of 500 buildings to be collected to promote energy conservation - ( Env,EEREMC )

18. SUSTAINABLE HABITAT Get 12000 CNG buses to promote public transport and start infrastructure project - ( Transport) Set up Transport Development Fund to finance public transportinfrastructure - ( Transport) Expand Delhi Metro to 150 Kms - (DMRC) Use of 50 ppm sulphur in diesel- ( Env, Transport) Impose congestion tax to check the growth of population - ( Transport,Finance,Planning ) Tax concession for clean fuel vehicles - ( Transport,Finance,Planning,Env ) Promote use of bio fuels in scooters and autos from waste restaurant oil, with technology from Delhi Technological University - ( Env,Industries,Higher colleges) Check industrial units to reduce air pollution - ( Env,DPCC,DSIIDC ) Shut down coal fired power plants - ( Power,PPCL,PGCL ) Reduce car use as per parking available parking space - ( GIS,Trasport,IT

19. 26  Increase green cover from 289 sq kms to 500 sq kms by 2012 - ( Forest,MCD,NDMC,DPGS,DDA ) 9 city forests and 2 biodiversity parks to be opened (Forest) Parks and Gardens Society to work with RWAs to assist them in greening 1000 colony parks (Forest) 5 million potted plants for Common Wealth Games Greening Delhi Ridge Area to 1000 hectares - ( Forest,Env ) 1000 parks to be developed - (DPGS) Composting of leaves in parks - ( DPGS,Env ) 1000 schools to set up kitchen gardens ( DPGS,Education ) 10 Herbal gardens to be set up ( MCD,DPGS,Education,Env ) Low income colonies to be encouraged to become green saviors - (DPGS,MCD) Green Delhi Campaign during common wealth games GREEN INDIA

20. WATER MISSION - Waste water reuse to be initiated on pilot basis -(DJB,MCD,DDA,PWD,UD) Waste water treatment through interceptor sewers- (DJB) Waste water treatment of all houses -(DJB) Waste water treatment of all industries in CETPs Increase water use efficiency by 20% (DJB) 1000 buildings to adopt water recharging systems (DJB) All water bodies to be restored -( Env,DSIDC,I&FC,MCD,DDA,DJB ) Start dam construction in HP - (DJB,UD) All waste water to be treated in villages by STPs (DJB) Collect storm water in villages provide drainage (MCD)

21. STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE Bio fuel usage to be encouraged by converting waste oil from hotels ( Env,MGICCC ) Massive campaign about NAPCC- ( MGICCC,Education ) Increase awareness and ownership of community through Bhagidari - ( Bhagidari , EEREMC) Restrict the use of fossil fuel in Delhi -( MGICC,Env ) Treatment of mercury from CFL -( Env,MGICC ) Study and discussion on waste handling processes - ( MCD,Env,NDMC,DPCC ) Start a pilot project for Bio fuel - ( MGICCC,Env ) Energy Bench marking of government and large building -(EEREMC) CDM projects to be prepared - (Environment) Two international conferences to exchange ideas -(Env) One Asian Conference in three years- (Environment)

22. STATE ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE – DELHI BEYOND 2012

23. DEPARTMENTS INVOLVED IN SAPCC PREPARATION Departments PWD DERC Higher Education/College Revenue/Damb DDA PPCL & PGCL Industries MCD Urban Development IPGCL/PPCL Information and technology department NDMC Department of health Delhi Health Society (DHS) DISCOMS Delhi Police DTU BSES BEE NDPL DPCC Bhagidari Parks & garden EE & REM Transport ELCOMA Geo Spatial Delhi MGICCC Irrigation & flood control deptt. DJB

24. MOEF FRAMEWORK OF SAPCC Formulation of SAPCC, emphasis on the following: Impacts and vulnerability assessment Identify adaptation/mitigation options Prioritize adaptation/mitigation options Financing adaptation/mitigation options

25. CONTENTS OF SAPCC AS PER MOEF FRAMEWORK Part A: Climate Profile: Introduction Description of regional/state level context; statement of issues and problems Regional development issues & priorities vis-à- vis national priorities & NAPCC Baseline assessments: socio- economic & ecological data for analyses and scenarios building Identification of main local stakeholders Past & ongoing climate change trends & related risk management actions Possible future climate scenarios Knowledge gaps Assessment of Vulnerability to Climate Change Climate Change scenarios (at relevant spatial & temporal scales) Assessment of physical & economic impact in vulnerable sectors Assessment of impacts on vulnerable groups GHG emissions and energy needs inventory GHG emissions inventory by sector/sub-sectors Assessment of energy needs on a time series basis

26. CONTENTS OF SAPCC AS PER MOEF FRAMEWORK Part B: Climate Change Strategy Review of existing sectoral policies and strategies to identify priorities Description of Main entry points, opportunities, trade offs identified in each sector, including potential synergies and trade offs identified between priority adaptation and mitigation measures Identification of possible options to achieve policy objectives and identified priorities Identification of criteria to assess identified options Cost–benefit analysis to assess environmental, social and economic costs of identified options and comparison to these options. Assessment of adaptive capacity and feasibility of implementing the options List of prioritized mitigation and adaptation options based on the criteria such as CBA

27. CONTENTS OF SAPCC AS PER MOEF FRAMEWORK Part C: Climate Change Action Plan List of measures needed (short & long term) needed to implement these strategies, indicating timeframe & sequence for implementation List of (public & private) ongoing and planned initiatives (who is doing what, where, how) For each priority option, identification of existing financial instruments and matching policy instruments Cost implications for the implementation of SAPCC .What are the existing allocations, additional resources to be mobilized + potential sources for resource mobilization. Design M&E system (governance, indicators, etc.) & M&E implementation arrangements Review of Institutional implementation arrangements & capacity needed to implement identified measures along with the required capacity development plan.

28. DELHI SAPCC CONTENT Background The Process of Preparation Delhi State Profile Observed Climate and Climate Projections Initiatives by Delhi Government Baseline Energy Assessment Carbon Emissions Inventory Energy & Power Water Resources Forest, Biodiversity & Agriculture Health Urban Planning Transportation Vulnerability Assessment Design of Monitoring & Evaluation System and Implementation of the Plan

29. SOLAR Solar water heating capacity to increase from 50,000 ltrs. to 5,00,000 ltrs. All government buildings to use solar water heating 10% of all energy use in water heating to be renewable energy Time of Day meters to encourage saving of peak time energy use and shift demand to off peak hours Solar electricity to be used through DERC tariff order and innovative financing mechanisms regulated Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO ) Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission (DERC) has and Renewable Energy Certificate framework implementation in the State of Delhi NCT, has also issued statutory advise for preparing an action plan for installation of 50MW Solar Roof- top capacity in the city over the next 5 years.

30. Projects completed/ under installation with respect to power generation in Delhi NCT through Solar PV Power Plant are as follows : The Government of NCT of Delhi has been promoting various measures towards sustainable development over a period of time. 1 MW Solar PV Plant has been installed in Thyagraj Stadium for generation of electricity of about 1.4 million units/ annum is one such remarkable project complete in the city. Lightening & Illumination through SPV at Safdarjung Tomb (10.4 KWp ) - Completed Lightening & Illumination through SPV at Jantar Mantar (9KWp) - Completed SPV Power Plant of 335 KWp through BYPL - Completed Project under progress/ consideration: 🞑 SPV Power Plant of 100KWp at Vikas Bhavan- II 🞑 SPV plant of 140 KWp at 4 Hospitals & at 4 Schools 🞑 SPV Plant of 10KWp at Delhi Secretariat Building 🞑 SPV plant of 130 KWp at ISBT Kashmere Gate

31. Subsidy in installation of Solar Water Heating Systems (till march 2013): (Rs 6000 (120 US $) per 100 LPD for Domestic & Rs 60000 (1500 US $ ) per 1000 LPD for non-commercial institution) Solar Power Generation Promoting CFL & LED Use Green Building Technology Observing Earth Hour During Calendar Year 2012, around 1.00 lakhs Litres Per Day (LPD) Capacity Systems have been installed saving around 15 lakh units of electricity per annum.

32. Energy Conservation The implementation of Energy Conservation Building Code has been made mandatory in all Govt. buildings /building complexes (new construction). Delhi Government is adopting 3 star GRIHA rating for New buildings. For implementation of Climate Change Agenda for Delhi, following directions have been issued to concerned departments with respect to energy efficiency in Government Buildings: • To reduce 5% energy consumption in all existing buildings by adopting Green Building technology. • All Government buildings to be directed to reduce their electricity consumption by 5% as compared to last year. • 5% LED replacement in all Govt. buildings

33. Renewable Energy The main source of Renewable Energy in Delhi is Solar Energy. Solar Energy includes Solar Thermal ( Solar Water Heating ) and Solar Power. Govt. Of India provides subsidy for promotion of Solar Energy. With an aim to conserve our fast depleting resources, since 2007, subsidy was provided for “Promotion of Solar Water Heating System through rebate/incentive” for installation of SOLAR WATER HEATER restricting to an amount of Rs. 6000/- for an individual in the domestic Sector and up to Rs.60,000/- @ Rs. 6,000/- per 100 LPD system for Non Commercial Institutions. 6.7lakh LPD capacity of Solar Water Heaters have been installed up to year 2012- 13 Draft note on Solar Energy Policy, Delhi has been prepared and is under consideration. Initiatives towards energy conservation include Rooftop Solar Power Generation, LED Use, Cool Roof, Green Building Technology, Waste to Bio- Fuel, Waste to Energy etc.

34. Energy Demand Reduction Strategies: at Building Level ng g Reflectiv equipment Sustainable Habitat

35. Transport Sector Delhi is home to the world’s largest network of CNG fuelled buses. Delhi Transport Corporation operates more than 6000 buses in Delhi and National Capital Region, which helps an average of 35 lakh commuters daily. During CWG- 2010, about 600 ultra- modern eco- friendly new Low Floor A/C buses (Euro IV and III standards) were operated. Public Transport in terms of Metro rail extended to link all points of city. Delhi Metro Earned Carbon Credits for regenerative braking system in its rolling stocks and another project on Model Shift in transportation is in the process of getting registered under CDM projects.

36. Transport Sector Diesel upto 50 PPM (ultra low sulphur diesel) has been made available in the City from April 2010. Over 78 flyovers, 29 subways and 70 foot over bridges and underpasses have been constructed to reduce waiting time thereby reducing tailpipe emissions. Air Ambience Fund Collection on sale of diesel in the city at rate of 0.25 Rs/ litre and utilization for

37. Air Ambience Fund Collection on sale of diesel in the city at rate of 0.25 Rs/litre and utilization for 29.5% Concession in purchase of Battery Operated Vehicle Vat refund under the ambience fund for conversion of diesel driven old light goods commercial vehicles to CNG

38. Parameters 2012 2013 National Ambient Air Quality Standards - Annual Standard * ( µ g/m 3 ) SO 2 17 20 50 NO 2 82.4 75.5 40 CO 2.0 2.1 02 ## RSPM (PM 10 ) 293 282 60 PM (2.5) 143 136 40 * Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval. #SPM is no more a measuring standard. ## 8 Hourly. In mg/m 3 Ambient Air Quality Levels in Delhi in 2012 & 2013

39. Steps taken to curb air pollution Mandatory Emission Control System (ECS) in industries ( about 600 Nos.) Phasing out of more than 15-year-old commercial vehicles Introduction of CNG run public transport vehicles in 2000 Fiscal Incentive in form of VAT refund for conversion/ replacement of Light Goods Vehicle from Diesel to CNG mode Concession on purchase of battery operated vehicles on since 2008. Increased VAT on purchase of Diesel Cars Availability of low Sulphur (50 ppm) Diesel w.e.f 1 st April, 2010 Introduction of Euro IV norms w.e.f 1 st April, 2010 Continuous monitoring of Ambient Air Quality since December, 2010 Promotion of Gas based power plants and closure of coal based power plants Curb on burning of leaves and biomass. Conducting Public Awareness  Massive afforestation and greening drives

40. Action Plan for air pollution control with the objective to meet ambient air quality standards in the National Capital Territory of Delhi by 2017  The Cabinet note was placed before the Council of Minister on 5 th August 2013 for 5 c 2 o n sider a t i on.  The Cabinet vide Decision No. 2059 dated 05.08.2013 decided to constitute a Committee under Chairmanship of Chief Secretary to suggest steps/ actionable points by all departments, both in short term as well as long term to achieve the Ambience Air Quality Standards of Delhi by 2017.  In compliance to Cabinet decision, a Committee under Chairmanship of Chief Secretary with Pr. Secretary / Secretary of concerned departments viz., Power Department, Urban Development Department, Transport Department, Public Works Department, Industries Department, Jt. Commissioner of Traffic Police, Chairman - New Delhi Municipal Council, Commissioners of North Delhi Municipal Corporation, South Delhi Municipal Corporation, East Delhi Municipal Corporation, Director- UTTIPEC, as members of the Committee and Secretary (Environment) as the convenor of Committee, has been constituted. First meeting of Committee was held on 13.11.2013 and all the concerned departments have been directed to examine the relevant portion of the agenda point of the proposal and give their comments and suggest feasible actionable points pertaining to their department.

41. The ten major action points of Action Plan for air pollution control are Air Quality Monitoring Action to Reduce Vehicular Emissions Strategies to reduce number of Vehicles on roads Non- motorized Transport (NMT) Network Parking policy to reduce congestion and pollution Urban Transport Fund Power plants Generator Sets Open Burning Control measures for road and Construction d ust

42. Greening of Delhi Green cover increased from 5.93% in 1999 to 19.97% of geographic area (296.2 sq.km.) as per the India State of Forest Report 2011. Delhi has about 20000 small/medium/big parks and gardens, 4 2 city forests, 5 ridge areas, 2 bio-diversity parks and other green belts. In the year 2013-14, department along with other greening agencies has under taken a plantation of 4,39,332 saplings (upto October 2013) out of a target planting of 820700 saplings. Besides the department has also under taken free distribution of 4,01,833 saplings (upto October 2013). Greening activities are coordinated by three Forest Divisions . House sparrow has been declared as the State Bird. Coordination and implementation with different land owing agencies for greening Delhi.  Implementation of Forest Conservation Act 1980 and Delhi Preservation of Trees Act 1994  Compensatory plantations of the DMRC Projects on Phase-1 and Phase-2 have already been completed and rest is under progress.  Financial assistance of Rs.5.7 Crores released to 389 RWAs/ NGOs for maintenance of 1833 parks since inception of DPGS in 2008.  Coordination for revival, maintenance and monitoring of Water Bodies in NCT of Delhi by DPGS

43. Projects & Policies Initiatives such as creation of city forests(Landscaped with amenities for recreation and nature appreciation) density augmentation, etc for conservation and improvement of green cover in the city. Eco Restoration Project at Bhatti Mines for Ecological restoration of erstwhile Bhatti Mines in the South Delhi through 132 Eco Task Force since 2000 Conservation Education Centre at Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary with the involvement of Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) set up in 2005 Implementation of 11 projects under the CAMPA schemes of the Forest Conservation Act 1980 Compensatory plantation under Delhi Preservation of Trees Act 1994 as planting of 10 tree saplings to compensate the environmental loss due to the permission of felling of a tree. Out of this, 5 saplings are planted by this Department, while remaining 5 saplings by the user agency.

44. Ridge boundary demarcation. Densification with native species. Plantation in the degraded forest land. Replacement of unwanted species (Prosipus Juliflora) with the Native species. Development of monoculture city Forests. Improvement of degraded forests

45. Water Mission Interceptor Sewer Project is being implemented by DJB in a 59 km length along three major drains (i.e Najafgarh, Supplementary and Shahdara) to intercept sewage flowing from subsidiary small drains and convey it to the nearest sewage treatment plants for treatment to ensure that only treated sewage is discharged into drains and Yamuna river. Management Plan & Implementation Programs are being undertaken for proper revival, monitoring and maintenance of Water Bodies in Delhi.

46. Present Scenario on Water Pollution Total waste water generation of Delhi is about 700 Million Gallons per Day (MGD), out of which more than 80% is the domestic sewage followed by industrial wastewater Sewage generation 668 MGD Installed Sewage treatment capacity 549 MGD Capacity utilization 60% Sewage Treatment Plants

47. Combined Effluent Treatment Plants No. of CETPs (operational) - 13 Total installed capacity - 46.6 MGD Total capacity Utilization - 11 MGD Capacity utilization % - 23.6 % *Monitoring – Monthly basis

48. S. No Name of the C Capacity Flow 1 Jhilmil & Friends Colony Indl. Area 16.8 MLD 4 MLD 2 Badli Industrial Estate 12 MLD 0.5MLD 3 Mayapuri Indl. Area 12MLD 3.8 MLD 4 Mangolpuri Indl. Area 2.4 MLD 3.8 MLD 5 Wazirpur Indl Area 24 MLD 1.5 MLD 6 DSIDC Nangloi & Udyog Nagar Indl Area 12 MLD 2.5 MLD 7 SMA Indl Area 12 MLD 1.6 MLD 8 Okhla Indl. Area 24 MLD 3.0 MLD 9 Narela Indl. Area 22MLD 9.5 MLD 10 Udyog Vihar (Bawana) Industrial Area 35MLD 11 MLD 11 Naraina Industrial Area, 21.6 MLD 5.5 MLD 12 GTK Road Indl. Area 6 MLD 1.8 MLD 13 Lawrence Road Indl. Area 12 MLD 2.5 MLD

49. Regular water quality monitoring is carried out by DPCC at: Drains(24 Nos.), River (9 locations), Water bodies, STPs (16 Nos.), CETPs (13 Nos.), WTPs (06Nos.), Ground water (34 locations)

50. Water Conservation Mandatory direction for Installation of on- site decentralized wastewater treatment systems (STP/ ETP) with treated wastewater reuse in flushing, cooling, horticulture etc. has been given to industries, hotels, construction projects etc. More than 1650 STPs / ETPs have been installed so far. Green movement launched for conserving natural resources by 5 Star hotels, by way of signing MOU in the presence of Hon’ble Chief Minister of Delhi. All the 5 Star Hotels are required to comply with green hotel guidelines apart from installing sewage treatment plants.

51. Water Conservation- contd … Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Department of Environment, Govt. of NCT of Delhi formulated Green hotel guidelines and issued various directions time to time to hotels for adoption of Green hotel guidelines. The guidelines mainly include: Installation of on- site decentralized wastewater treatment systems (STP/ETP) Re-use of treated wastewater/effluent in flushing, cooling towers, horticulture etc., Water Auditing, Rain Water Harvesting and groundwater recharge, Installation of Solar Water Heating Systems, Decentralized waste management systems like organic waste convertor, biogas plants and composting and Peripheral plantation.

52. Hon’ble Lt. Governor issued directions under section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 which were notified on 12 July 2010, for regulation and management of ground water drawl from new and existing borewells/ tubewells in the entire City. Delhi Jal Board and NDMC have been given respective area wise powers for granting permission based on recommendation of Advisory Committees headed by Deputy Commissioner (Revenue) of concerned district. Ground water drawl is subject to : -Mandatory Rain Water Harvesting Mandatory in building plots > 200 sq mt -For commercial and industrial use, it is subject to mandatory Rainwater harvesting and reuse of water in horticulture or cooling or toilet flushing after proper treatment of wastewater . Regulation on Management of Ground Water

53. For effective implementation of the Groundwater Regulation & Management notification, a meeting was taken by Hon’ble LG on the issue of ground water depletion in Delhi on 20.3.2013. Decisions taken include: No unauthorized extraction of ground water especially for commercial purposes by any. No unauthorized extraction of ground water especially for commercial purposes by any Agency/ person will be permitted. For any violation / illegal extraction of ground water, DJB / DC (Revenue)/ Delhi Police must lodge a complaint and the copy of the same must also be sent to the office of Hon’ble LG for follow up required, if any. Execution of rain water harvesting work by DJB/ Agency under DJB only . National Green Tribunal on Application No. 108 of 2013, National Green Tribunal Bar Association v/s NCT of Delhi & Ors has constituted a Committee under Chairmanship of Secretary (Environment) comprising of senior officers from Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Irrigation and Flood Control Department, Delhi Jal Board (DJB), Office of the Divisional Commissioner and Office of the Deputy Commissioner (Southwest) for compliance of certain directions in its order dated 03.09.2013. An action plan has been prepared for preventing unauthorized and illegal use of underground water as well as its regulation and control of pollution.

54. Clean Power Generation Delhi Government also switched over to GAS BASED POWER GENERATION to reduce the GHG emissions. About 1200 MW of power is generated by Gas based plants and F urther about 1900 MW is under process Adoption of beneficiated coal having ash content less than 34% in existing coal based plant. Stringent emission norms Online NOx Monitoring in Gas based power plant

55. Waste Management Delhi Government has imposed ban on manufacture, sale, storage, usage, import and transport of plastic carry bags in the NCT of Delhi vide Notification dated 23.10.2012. Present Scenario & Statistics 8000 TPD Municipal Solid Waste 690 TPD Plastic waste 13.9 TPD Bio-Medical Waste 30000 T/ annum E-waste 5281 T/ annum Hazardous Waste Other types of waste include Construction & Demolition Waste, Fly Ash

56. Municipal Solid Waste In In Delhi, about 8000 Tonnes per day of MSW is generated. MCD/ NDMC have put up collection/ disposal mechanisms in their respective areas in Delhi. Various sites for setting up of SLF for MSW of Delhi have been designated by DDA in the Master Plan. Delhi , about 8000 Tonnes per day of MSW is generated. MCD/ Treatment options/ SLF operational in Delhi are as follows: Compost Plants : Authorization has been issued to two compost plants i.e. M/s IL&FS Compost Plant at Okhla and M/s Delhi MSW Solutions Ltd., Narela Bawana Road of capacity 200 MTD & 1500 MTD respectively. APMC Tikri is not operational. Existing Compost plant at Bhalsawa of 500TPD capacity is also operational. Engineered Landfill Site of 4000 TPD capacity at Bawana- Narela site - operational 72

57. Waste to Energy Plants A 16MW Waste- to- Energy plant at Okhla implemented by Jindal Ecopolis for utilizing 1950 TPD (Tonnes Per Day) of Municipal Solid Waste – 73 operational. 12 MW Waste- to- Energy Plant at Ghazipur to be implemented by East Delhi Waste Processing Limited (EDWPCL) for utilizing 1300TPD of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) - under construction. 24MW Waste- to- Energy Plant at Narela, Bawana to be implemented by Delhi MSW Solutions (DMSWSL) for utilizing 3000 TPD waste - under construction. 33% subsidy is being given for promoting installation of decentralized waste management plant to both non- profit organizations and commercial establishments for generation of biogas/ bio- fuel from biodegradable waste. A 500Kg Biogas Plant at Delhi Secretariat is utilizing Kitchen/ horticulture waste from the campus itself for using it as a substitute for LPG for cooking purpose.

58. Plastic Waste Plastic waste especially carry bags has been creating nuisance in Delhi. Massive awareness campaign “Say No To Plastic Bags” has been carried out. Government of Delhi had issued a notification on 07.01.2009 but the situation continued to be the worst even after issue of this notification as manufacturing was not banned In light of this Government of Delhi, has issued a Notification on 23.10.2012 imposing ban on manufacturing sales, storage, usage, import and transport of plastic carry bags in NCT of Delhi .

59. Bio- Medical Waste The units generating Bio- Medical Waste have been categorized on the basis of bed strength and two Committees have been constituted to deal with units and decide Authorization under BMW Rules and Consent under Air/ Water Acts. There are about 2092 Health Care Establishments in Delhi and during the period of January 2013 to December 2013, 13.9 Tonnes of Bio-Medical Waste was generated in Delhi. 270 Authorizations under BMW Rules and 26 consents under Air and Water Act have been granted to Health Care Establishments/ other Units generating Bio- Medical Waste in calendar year 2013. At present, three Common Bio- Medical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTF) are operational in Delhi for the Collection, Treatment & Disposal of the Bio-Medical waste M/s Synergy Waste Management Pvt. Limited M/s Biotic Waste Solutions Pvt. Ltd. M/s SMS Water Grace BMW Pvt. Ltd. 09 incinerators are in operation (including 5 incinerators with 3 CBWTFs). Other treatment systems installed for Bio- Medical Waste in HCEs included 22 Autoclaves, 2 Microwaves and 20 Shredders.

60. E- Waste ( Management & Handling), Rules, 2011come into force with effect from 1st May 2012. According to E- waste Rules, electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part or rejects from their manufacturing and repair process, which are intended to be discarded and mentioned in Schedule- I, are E-waste. The Department of Environment, GNCTD in collaboration with GIZ has already conducted 5 awareness workshops on Management and Handling of E- waste with the main focus on Bulk Consumers under the broad rule of “Responsibility of Bulk Consumers”. 65 E- waste collection bins were distributed to 10 schools within NDMC areas and various Central & State Government offices. 24 Common Facility Providers of E- waste (Collection centre) have been issued consent to establish for collection, segregation and storage of E- waste without dismantling and recycling by Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC). Out of these, 12 collection centres have been issued Authorization and consent to operate. Besides, a number of units producing e- waste have obtained authorization under E- waste Rules. Awareness/collection drive on E- waste is conducted in 200 Eco- club schools with regards to handling and disposal of E- waste in collaboration with Nokia and GIZ.

61. Annoying and harmful sound in environment can be defined as Noise pollution Government of Delhi has notified following areas as Silence Areas/Zones: Around the hospitals with 100 beds or more, Educational institutions with 1000 students or more All court complexes, All Govt. Office complexes. Acoustic enclosure is mandatory for Diesel Generator sets. Awareness programme on Noise pollution control are being conducted. For development of Ambient Noise Monitoring Network tenders were called,5 stations are to be installed in Delhi 7 • 7 Control of Noise Pollution

62. STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE Massive campaign about NAPCC Increase awareness through Eco- clubs , RWAs etc. Restrict the use of fossil fuel in Delhi Carrying out of awareness campaigns namely “Greening Delhi” “Say Yes to Eco- Friendly Bags“ “Anti Fire Crackers” “waste minimization”, “play holi with safe and Naturals colours”, E- waste management etc. Creating environmental awareness among public by using publicity media such as newspaper, outdoor, TV, theatre shows, radio, mobile SMS, social media etc. Observing various National and International environment related Days such as World Environment Day, Earth Day, Biodiversity Day, Forests Day etc.

63. CONCLUSION SAPCC will integrate plan formulation in the years to come with climate change implications and will bring about change in thought process . There are issues of life style change and defining needs of urban livelihoods which are sustainable which need larger civil society involvement. The above action plan needs the broader support of the community because Government cannot do it alone. All suggestions and role of various stakeholders in arresting global warming are welcome.