climatology of india.pptx

CLIMATOLOGY OF INDIA

1. By- tanmayyadav 180914 Climatology of India

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF MONSOON IN INDIA SEASONS OF INDIA REFERENCES

3. Climate :- Sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time i.e. for more than 30 years. Weather :- Weather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, and its short-term variation in minutes to weeks. People generally think of weather as the combination of temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, visibility, and wind. 

4. On the basis of generalized monthly atmospheric conditions the year is divided into Seasons such as : - Winter - Summer - Rainy When it comes to India the climate described as the monsoon type & this type of climate is found mainly South & South East Asia. The word monsoon comes from the word MAUSAM and it refers to the wind which change the direction.

5. Six major Factors Controlling Climate in India:- Latitude Altitude Pressure and wind system Distance from the sea Ocean currents Relief Rain

6. Latitude & Altitude Lapse rate 1.98’c/1000ft As we gain height, atmosphere becomes less dense and temp. decreases therefore hills are cooler in summer. India covered by different land form i.e. mountains, plateaus and plains so it results in different in temperature. Himalaya works as barrier for cold winds from central Asia which result in north India experiencing milder winter. Coastal area creates moderate influence on climate.

7. Pressure and wind system Since warm air is less dense and creates less air  pressure , it will rise; cold air is denser and creates greater air  pressure , and so it will sink. When warm air rises, cooler air will often move in to replace it, so  wind  often moves from areas where it's colder to areas where it's warmer.

8. Distance from the Sea Due to unequal heating of the land & the adjoining sea surfaces during the day time, air becomes more warmer over land & rises creating a low pressure over the land. So cold winds starts moving towards the land to replace the warmer rising air.This is the sea breeze which makes coastal stations to have a moderate weather throughout the year.

9. Oceanic Currents Ocean currents  act much like a conveyer belt, transporting warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics. 

10. Relief Rain Relief rainfall  is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief  features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms  rain . Relief :- variations in height Mountainous area, relief is high. Plateau or plain, relief is low.

11. Development of Monsoon in India The differential heating and cooling of land and water The shifting of ITCZ The presence of high pressure area in east of Madagascar The intense heating of Tibetan plateau The Jet streams ELNINO

12. The shifting of ITCZ

13. The presence of high pressure area east of Madagascar & the intense heating of Tibetan plateau :-

14. The Jet Streams

15. El Niño L L H

16. The four seasons of India Hot and dry summer Rain Season of retreating monsoon Cool and dry winter Summer - Days are long, nights are short. Winter - Days are short, nights are long. Rain - India receives rain in summer.

17. Summer in India The summer season in India starts from March and continue up to June. Loo :- is a strong, dusty, gusty, hot and dry summer wind from the west which blows over the western Indo-Gangetic plain region of North India. It is especially strong in the months of May and June. The hot and dry winds from NW of India and warm moist winds from bay of Bengal converge at around Chota Nagpur Plateau results in thunder and lightening accompanied with strong winds & heavy rainfall in the states of Assam and west Bengal. The coastal areas of Kerala and Karnataka receive rainfall, these are known as pre-monsoon showers. 40’c

18. Rainy Season Monsoon  or  rainy season , lasting from June to September. The  season  is dominated by the humid southwest summer  monsoon , which slowly sweeps across the country beginning in late May or early June. Monsoon rains  begin to recede from North  India  at the beginning of October. South  India  typically receives more rainfall.

19. Season of Retreating Monsoon Due apparent movement of the sun, In Northern India temp. starts decreasing and result in increase in pressure. ITCZ starts moving towards south resulting in low pressure developement in Indian ocean. SW monsoon start retreating from early October, it is transition from rainy to cold & dry winter. Shift of low pressure is marked by cyclonic depression over Andaman sea result in heavy & widespread rain on the coast of Tamil Nadu, Andhra pradesh & Orissa.

20. Winter Season Begins in mid December and concludes in mid February to early March based on latitude. The Western disturbances are moisture laden winds travelling all the way from the Mediterranean to the relatively lower pressure in North India that eventually rain down and further lower temperatures.

21. REFERENCES SKYBRARY.AERO WIKIPEDIA.COM OXFORD ATPL BOOKS

22. Thank You !!!

23. ANY QUESTIONS ?