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1. Clinical Information System GROUP ASSIGNMENT 1

2. INTRODUCTION Clinical Information System is a computerized system that stores, manages and processes patient health information in a healthcare setting. It is designed to support clinical decision making and provide healthcare professionals with timely and accurate Information. 2

3. INTRODUCTION A CIS typically includes:- electronic health records (EHRs), computerized physician orders entry (CPOE), clinical decision support system (CDSS) and other tools that help healthcare professionals manage patient care. The goal of a CIS is to improve the quality of care, increase efficiency, reduce errors and enhance patient safety . 3

4. INTRODUCTION Clinical Information Systems (CIS) can be defined as the overall set of resources, techniques, devices , and methodologies that are used by different healthcare and medical organizations in order to support the knowledge needs required to reach the clinical goals of the organization themselves. As the name implies, a clinical information system is an application of information system technology. Like every tool-based product, the power of the clinical information system has been limited by the resources of the equipment available to support it . 4

5. INTRODUCTION CIS focus explicitly on the informational needs related to clinical activities, as hospitalizations (admission, discharge, transfer), management of patients’ follow up, and disease prevention often the part of the wider Hospital Information System (HIS) that specifically focuses on the information needs related to the patient care. CIS have to support the integrated management of both patients’ clinical information and clinicians’ decision-related information , as diagnoses and prescribed therapies. Moreover, CIS have to store all the information related to the clinical activities performed by healthcare stakeholders. 5

6. System Models There are two basic models for clinical information systems. 1. for hospitals: where the assumption is that there will be a limited number of patients, each treated for a relatively long period of time and each requiring a great deal of clinical information related to the current admission. The facility is large, has a number of separate departments and requires a large 'staff. In addition to the functions of health care delivery, there are also hotel functions, business-office functions, personnel functions and the like . 6

7. System Models 2. for ambulatory care settings: such as health maintenance organizations and office practices. In these settings there are more patients, a need for long-term follow-up, relatively short-term episodes of illness with limited clinical data for each episode and few functions not directly associated with the provision of health care. Unlike the hospital setting in which the charge for the record-keeping function is small when compared with the other costs of care, information-processing costs in an ambulatory care facility are highly visible. 7

8. TYPES OF CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 1. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and Electronic Health Record (EHR) EMR and EHR systems replace paper patient records. The medical information on each patient is collected and stored electronically. These records include patient health information, test results, doctor and specialist visits, healthcare treatments. Many healthcare facilities use cloud-based storage for sensitive data for increased security. 8

9. TYPES OF CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 2. Practice Management Software Information systems assist healthcare facilities and personnel with the management of daily operations of the facility. This includes scheduling of patients and medical services billing. Regardless of their size from single practice doctors to huge multi-center hospitals, all healthcare providers utilize practice management systems. The goal is to automate administrative tasks carried out as part of doing business in the facility. 9

10. TYPES OF CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 3. Master Patient Index (MPI) The software of this healthcare information system connects patient records to more than one database. The MPI contains records for any patient registered at a healthcare organization. MPI creates an index on all the records for that patient. MPIs reduce duplicate patient records and avoid inaccurate patient information that could result in patient claim denials. 10

11. TYPES OF CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 4. Patient Portals This information system enables patients to peruse their health data. They can access appointment information, medications they may be receiving, and their lab results via the internet. Some patient portals also facilitate active communication with healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists regarding their prescription refill requests, and scheduling of appointments. 11

12. TYPES OF CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 5. Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) Also known as tele-health RPM provides medical sensors that can transmit patient data to healthcare professionals. RPM can monitor blood glucose levels and blood pressure. It is particularly helpful for patients with chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or cardiac disease. Data collected and transmitted via RPM can be used by a healthcare professional or a Healthcare team to detect medical events such as stroke or heart attack that require immediate and aggressive medical intervention. Data collected may be used as part of a research project or a health study. RPM is a life-saving system for patients in remote areas who cannot access face-to-face health care. 12

13. TYPES OF CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 6. Clinical Decision Support (CDS) CDS analyses data from clinical and administrative systems. The aim is to assist healthcare providers in making informed clinical decisions. Data available can provide information to medical professions who are preparing diagnoses or predicting medical conditions like drug interactions and reactions. CDS tools filter information to assist healthcare professionals in caring for individual clients. 13

14. TYPES OF CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 7. Laboratory Information System (LIS) LIS software allows doctors and lab technicians to coordinate inpatient and outpatient tests for microbiology, hematology, chemistry, and immunology to obtain clinical data. A standard information system for a lab manages patient demographics, check-in information, specimen entry and processing, and results. 14

15. How does clinical information system improve healthcare system? CIS can improve healthcare systems in several ways, including: Enhancing patient safety: CIS can help reduce medication errors, improve accuracy of diagnoses, and prevent adverse events by providing healthcare providers with accurate and up-to-date patient information. Improving clinical decision-making : CIS can provide healthcare providers with real-time access to patient data, including medical history, lab results, and imaging studies, which can help inform clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes . 15

16. How does clinical information system improve healthcare system ? Streamlining workflows : CIS can automate many administrative tasks, such as appointment scheduling, billing, and documentation, which can help healthcare providers save time and improve efficiency. Reducing costs: CIS can help reduce healthcare costs by reducing the need for duplicate tests or procedures, minimizing medication errors, and improving overall quality of care. 16

17. How does clinical information system improve healthcare system? Improving patient outcomes: CIS can help healthcare providers track patient progress over time, monitor chronic conditions, and identify potential health risks before they become serious, which can lead to better patient outcomes. 17

18. How information systems are used in nursing? Electronic Health Records (EHRs ): can be accessed and updated by authorized healthcare providers. Nurses use EHRs to document patient care, track patient progress, and communicate with other members of the healthcare team. Clinical Decision Support Systems ( CDSS): tools to analyze patient data and provide healthcare providers with recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and other clinical decisions. Nurses use CDSS to help guide their clinical decision-making and ensure that they are providing the best possible care for their patients. 18

19. How information systems are used in nursing? Medication Administration Systems : help nurses manage medication orders and ensure that patients receive the correct medications at the correct times. These systems may include barcode scanning technology to verify medication orders and prevent medication errors. Telehealth :- Telehealth technologies allow nurses to deliver care remotely, such as through video consultations or remote monitoring. Nurses can use telehealth to monitor patients with chronic conditions, provide education and support, and collaborate with other members of the healthcare team . 19

20. How information systems are used in nursing? Nursing Informatics: Nursing informatics is a specialty area of nursing that focuses on the use of information technology to improve patient care outcomes. Nurses with expertise in nursing informatics may work as consultants, educators, or leaders within healthcare organizations to promote the use of information systems in nursing practice . 20

21. Impact of using information system in the field of nursing Improved patient safety : Information systems can help nurses reduce medication errors, prevent adverse events, and improve patient outcomes by providing real-time access to patient data and clinical decision support tools. Increased efficiency : Information systems can streamline nursing workflows, reduce documentation time, and improve communication among healthcare providers, which can lead to increased efficiency in nursing practice 21

22. Impact of using information system in the field of nursing Enhanced care coordination : Information systems can facilitate communication and collaboration among members of the healthcare team, including nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare providers. This can help ensure that patients receive coordinated and comprehensive care . Improved data analysis and reporting: Information systems can help nurses collect, analyze, and report patient data more effectively, which can facilitate quality improvement initiatives and support evidence-based practice. Enhanced patient engagement: Information systems can help nurses engage patients in their own care by providing them with access to their health information, educational resources, and communication tools. 22

23. THANKS! 23