Clinical teaching methods

The clinical teaching is a type of group conference in which a patient or patients are observed and studied, discussed, demonstrated and directed towards the improvement of nursing care.

1. Clinical teaching methods Presented By: Mr. Ganesh V. Naik MSc (N) II Year Dept. of Pediatrics

2. Introduction The clinical teaching is a type of group conference in which a patient or patients are observed and studied, discussed, demonstrated and directed towards the improvement of nursing care.

3. definition The clinical teaching method is defined as practicum experiences may be any place where students interact with patients and their families for purposes of acquiring clinical skills, critical thinking, clinical decision making and psychomotor as well as affective skills

4. Types Ward teaching Nursing rounds Case method Bed side clinic Process recording

5. Ward teaching Definition Ward teaching is one of the clinical teaching method which are carried out in the ward.

6. Principles The teacher should create an environment where the student can work and learn The teacher should know psychology of learning Ward teaching topic should be assigned keeping in mind the objection of clinical experience Group should involve in discussion The teacher should give constructive criticism of the topic presented. So that students get motivated. It includes corrective practice, appreciation whrever and whenever required.

7. Pre-requisites for teaching A qualified teacher: the teacher should be a competent person, able to help the student develop the necessary skills. A place to teach: the most suitable is a room adjoining the ward which is near to the patient. The place should be quiet and freeform interruptions. A.V. Aids: learning will be more satisfactory when we used A.V. Aids. Reading material: good library is essential for ward teaching.

8. How to conduct ward teaching Every class should be well planned and prepared It should not be repetitive of classroom teaching. It should be patient centered, of his illness, treatment and his responses to nursing care. The group should be small Make use of A.V. aids The teacher gives introduction and writes down content she wishes to cover on board. Demonstrate a skill of a nursing procedure.

9. Cont… The clinical teaching should last about 30 minutes. There should be some time set for student’s questions. The teacher may wish to ask questions to test the ability of students understanding.

10. Cont.. Record of ward teaching: Teacher record: include date, the subject, the group of students attended, the ward, the supervisor’s name. Student’s record: include subject, name of the teacher, the date of teaching and the details of the class.

11. Nursing rounds Definition: Nursing rounds are conducted by the head nurse/ nurse teacher for the members of her staff/students for clear understanding of the disease process and the effect of nursing care for each patient.

12. Cont.. Purpose To introduce the patients to the nursing personnel To observe the condition of patient To assess whether implementation of care was done. To evaluate the results of treatment and nursing care

13. Type of nursing rounds Rounds with doctors Specific nursing rounds Rounds with dietician

14. Procedure of conducting Nursing Rounds The students have to be given information about ward rounds. Students will be following nursing rounds with the clinical instructor or ward supervisor. The instructor may instruct any nurse in the group to tell what she knows about the client and his nursing care. The student who is taking care of the patient for a week or so, has to present the case to the whole group of the students.

15. Advantages Enables the instructor to test the knowledge of the students Help in clearing doubts regarding diseases and the nursing care. To demonstrate effects of drugs, indication, actions and reaction of drugs. Make classroom discussions more vivid and real. Response of the patient is more natural

16. Disadvantages Other patients may overhear the discussion There may be distractions in the ward. Requires very careful planning. Only small group of students can be taken at a time.

17. Case method Case method is method of clinical teaching in which student /teacher present case. Types Case study/ Case presentation: The case study describes the life history of an individual and all the factors which lead to condition (disease). This includes a detail history of patient even prior to his visit to the hospital , the present situation and the treatment.

18. Cont… The student will be given the opportunity to provide nursing care for the client after 4 or 5 days of careful study The student nurse will prepare care study by comparing with text. The student nurse present the case

19. Cont… Case analysis: A concrete case for analysis and discussion and discussion by a group of students under the leadership of instructor Sufficient information is presented to the students to make judgement of problem or situation in case.

20. Cont.. The case incident method: A critical incidence technique which require immediate decision and action is taken from the case and presented to the students for their analysis and decision. No background information is given to them regarding the details of the time, it is presented. The instructors have facts about the case, can be given as requested by the students

21. Advantages of case method Useful for testing and evaluating the students. It is a sequential method for bringing solution to a problem. Students learn in a better way. Discussions helps in obtaining various views on the same problem.

22. Disadvantages The patient may feel uncomforatable due to lack of privacy Groups need to be small A teacher is always required only to summarize the discussion

23. Bed side clinic Bedside clinics are conducted by the head nurse or clinical instructor in nursing clinics patient’s medical history, medical and nursing managements are discussed briefly. Definition: Bed side clinic is an organized clinical instruction in the presence of the patient. Based on the type of topic , it can be medical, nursing or combined .

24. Purpose To discuss the nursing problem associate with particular disease To give clear picture of nursing care associated with specific individual

25. Steps Planning technique Decide on Whom to be conducted Place Time Date Topic –patient Conducting bedside clinic Time duration-30minutes Students- 10-15 numbers

26. Preparation for bedside clinic Units to be prepared Prior permission must be taken from the patient and significant others. All reports of the patient may be kept ready. The group selected should be in small size. Time period should be around 30 minutes

27. Advantages Puts students in an actual situation Permits evaluation Develops observation and decision taking skill Develops self confidence Comparison between reality and theory

28. Disadvantages Patients may feel uncomfortable and insecure Patients may overhear the discussion

29. Process recording It is a tool used in teaching, counselling and psychiatry field. Process-recording also known as interpersonal-relations recordings, patient –nurse interaction interviews. It is way of evaluating patient’s condition and assessing his behaviour

30. Definition An exact written report of the conversation between the nurse and the patient during the time they were together.

31. Cont.. Components Client communication: verbal and nonverbal Nurse communication: verbal and nonverbal Nurse interpretation: It states nurse perceives as client feelings and meaning of verbal and nonverbal actions. Implication of communication for nursing action: Nurses judgment of the meaning of the client as well as her own communication

32. Phases of process recording Preparing the student for process recording The teacher must help the student to define clearly the objectives to be accomplished regarding nurse-patient interactions. Process record as a teaching and learning tool should be discussed with student. She should help the student to learn how to go about writing a process record.

33. Cont… Recording nurse patient interactions Record of The exact verbatim report of the patient-nurse conversation. The student’s conscious feelings and her interruptions of the patient feelings. Analysis for meaning and clues to patients needs The instructors and the student’s evaluation of the total process recording experiences.

34. Cont… Evaluating the nurse-patient interactions After the interaction, data have been collected by the student, the teacher and the student has to analyze the recordings based on the objectives. Self-evaluation by the student to develop a deeper understanding of her own behaviour and the effect of her behaviour on others

35. Advantages Development in the art of communication. It helps the student to take an objective look at her communication skills. It provides the teacher with an accurate account of student’s clinical learning experience. It help the teacher to utilize the situation interaction and thereby helping the student to learn communication skills

36. Disadvantages It is time consuming The instructor should be skilled in knowledge of its use.

37. Thank you