CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI A overview of SlideShare

A overview of clostridium tetani
About the general information
Morphology, antigenic structure, Treatment etc...

1. VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN VEERCHIPALYAM-637303,SANKAGIRI,SALEM Dt.,TAMILNADU,INDIA. AFFILIATED TO PERIYAR UNIVERSITY,SALEM;RECOGNISED UNDER SECTION 2(F)&12(B) OF THE UGC ACT 1956) SUBJECT INCHARGE; Dr.R.MYTHILI, HEAD OF THE DEPARTEMENT, Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, VIAAS,Sankagiri. DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SUBJECT : MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY SUBMITTED BY; GOPIKA KRISHNAN , III B.SC.MICROBIOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLGY, VIAAS,Sankagiri. TITLE : CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

2. INTRODUCTION It is widely distributed in soil and in intestine of man and animals. Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and the causative agent of tetanus. Vegetative cell of clostridium are usually rod-shaped. Its appears in tennis racket or drumstick-shaped when formation of spores .

3. HISTROY OF CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI Tetanus was well know to ancient people,who recognized the relationship between wounds and fatal muscle spasms. In 1884,Arthur Nicolaier isolated the strychnine-like toxin of tetanus from free-living, anaerobic soil bacteria. A vaccine was developed in the mid 1940’s

4. CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI ON BLOOD AGAR

5. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION DOMAIN : Bacteria PHYLUM : Bacillota CALASS : clostridia ORDER : Eubactriales FAMILY: clostridiaceae GENUS: clostridium SPECIES: c.tetani

6. MORPHOLOGY OF C.TETANI: It is slender,long ,slightly curved. Its gram-positive 4.8µ×0.5µ and occuring singly or in chain. It shows considerable variation in length. Spores are spherical,terminal and bulging,giving the bacilli drumstick appearance. Its non capsulated and motile.

7. MORPHOLOGY OF CLOSSTRIDIUM TETANI

8. CULTURE CHARACTERS; Its an obligatory anaerobe that grows only in without oxygen. The characteristic of anaerobic bacilli is their inability to utilize oxygen as the final hydrogen acceptor. The optimum temperature is 37ºc and ph is 7.4. It grows fairly in ordinary media.cultures have burnt organic smell.

9. TO BE CONTINUED; COOKED MEAT MEDIUM; Its grows well in this media with turbidity and gas formation.The meat is not digested but is turned black after prolonged incubation. NUTRIENT AGAR MEDIUM; Its produces swarming growth forming fine film over the medium.By increasing the concentration of agar in the medium after 2 to 4 days incubation,colonies are irregularly round, 2 to 5 mm in diameter,translucent,grayish yellow with granular surface and ill-defined edges.

10. BLOOD AGAR MEDIUM; A zone of α hemolysis is produced . Its later on develops into beta hemolysis,due to production of hemolysis (tetanolysis). LACTOSE EGG YOLK MILK MEDIUM; There is no opalescence,pearly layer,proteolysis or loctose fermentation.

11. BIOCHEMCIAL REACTIONS ; It does not ferment any sugar and is slightly proteolytic.itforms indole. Gelatin liquefaction occurs slowly.Coagulated serum is softened.milk is not Coagulated.

12. BIOCHEMICAL TEST; Sugar fermentation test: positive Indole test:positive H2S production test:negative Gelatin liquefication test:positive MR AND VP Test (methyl red and voges-proskauer test protocols):negative

13. RESISTANCE: Spores of clostridium tetani with-stand boiling for 15 to 90 minutes. Autoclaving 121ºc for 20 minutes kills spores. Spores otherwise can survive in soil for years. Iodine (1% aqueous solution) and H2O2 (10 Volumes) kill spores within in a few minutes.

14. ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE: The flagella antigen differentiate clostridium tetani into 10 types but toxin (neurotoxin) produced is pharamacologically and antigenically identical. TOXIN: clostridium tetani produce three types of toxin: a) Hemolysin (tetanolysin) b) Neurotoxin (tetanospasmin) c) Non-spasmogenic peripherically active neurotoxin.

15. FOOT INFECTION BY TETANUS

16. PATHOGENICITY: C.Tetani affects humans by causing the disease called tetanus. The spores enter its host through open wounds,lacerations,or urns where many cells are dead. This provide thee necessary environment for c.tetani to begin to spread to the human body. In the presence of anaerobi conditions (lacking oxygen), the spores can germinate. This is when the spores produce toxins hat are harmful to the human nervous system.

17. Spasms of the pharyngeal muscles cause difficulty in swallowing.Death usually results from interference with the mechanics of respiration. Earlier the masseter muscle are affected but as the spasm progresses to extensor muscles of the body, the body becomes arched in OPISTHOTONUS POSITION.

18. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: Hematological investigation no significant changes Bacteriological investigations 1.microscopy studies 2.culture studies 3.biochemical tests 4.animal inoculation

19. ANIMAL INOCULATION TEST:

20. TREATMENT; Surgical methods include removal of dead , damaged or necrosed tissue, contaminated tissue,blood clots and foreign bodies from the wound. Antibiotics for the treatment includes penicillin and erythromycin.

21. VACCINES; Active vaccines are TT and DPT Passive vaccine is anti-tetanus serum

22. THANK YOU….