cloud_and_virtualization_concepts by Dr Sudha L K Associate Professor BIT Bangalorets.pptx

Dr Sudha L K
Associate Prof
Dept EIE
BIT Bangalore

1. Cloud and Virtualization Concepts Dr Sudha L K

2. Why learn virtualization? Modern computing is more efficient due to virtualization Virtualization can be used for mobile, personal and cloud computing You can also use virtualization in your personal life

3. This content will cover Understand the benefits of virtualization Be able to describe virtualization, virtual machines and hypervisors Describe typical data center components that are virtualized Become familiar with VMware technology popular in industry

4. Virtualization Benefits © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t H a v e y o u e v e r w i s h e d you c ou l d c l on e you r s e l f ? I f y o u c o u l d , w o u l d y o u b e m o r e e ff i c i e n t ? W o u l d y o u d o m o r e ? Virtualization enables computers to be more efficient in a similar fashion Computers that use virtualization optimize the available compute resources

5. Wh a t i s v ir t u a li z a t i o n?

6. Hardware and Software © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t D o y o u u s e a s m a r t p h o n e , l a p t o p o r h o m e c o m p u te r ? Smartphones, laptops or home computers are hardware Similar to how your brain controls your actions, software controls hardware There are different types of software that control computer actions

7. Hardware Processor © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t Also called CPU (Central Processing Unit) Ra n do m A cc e s s M e m o r y N o n - v o l a t il e m e m o r y t h a t s t o r e s B I O S *BIOS is type of software responsible for turning on (booting) computer Printed Circuit Board (PCB) that holds processor, RAM, ROM, network and Input/Output (I/O) and other components. Collection of microchips on motherboard that manage specific functions. A p e r s i s t e n t ( n o n - v o l a t il e ) s t o r a g e d e v i c e s u c h a s a Ha r d D r i v e D i s k or S o li d S t a t e D r i v e RAM R e a d -O n l y M e m o r y Mo t h e r b o a r d Chipset S t o r a g e

8. Software © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t S y s t e m s o f t w a r e i s n e c e ss a r y f o r h a r d w a r e t o f un c t i o n Op e r a t i ng s y s t e m co n t r o l s t he har d w ar e Application software tells your system to execute a task you want

9. Now that you are aware of the roles of hardware and software, the concept of virtualization will be easier to grasp. Virtualization is the “layer” of technology that goes between the physical hardware of a device and the operating system t o c r e a t e o n e o r m o r e c o p i e s o f t h e d e v i c e. © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

10. What is a VM? © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t Virtualization creates virtual hardware by cloning physical hardware The hypervisor uses virtual hardware to create a virtual machine (VM) A V M i s a se t o f f i l e s With a hypervisor and VMs, one computer can run multiple OS simultaneously

11. Th e H y p e r v i s o r

12. Software installed on top of hardware that created virtualization layer H o s t s V M s Type 1 Hypervisor – Bare metal hypervisor (VMware ESXi) Type 2 Hypervisor – Hosted hypervisor (VMware Workstation) What is a Hypervisor? © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

13. Virtual Machine Files © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t V M s c a n b e e x po r t e d a nd m o v e d t o o t he r ho s t s Files are created by the hypervisor and stored in a directory E x a m p l e V M f il es : File Type File Name Description Log File <vmname>.log Keeps a log of VM activity Disk File <vmname>.vmdk Stores content of VM’s disk drive Snapshot Files <vmname>.vmsd and <vmname>.vmsn Stores information about VM snapshots (saved VM state) Configuration File <vmname>.vmx Stores information about VM name, BIOS, guest OS, and memory

14. W o r k i n g o n a V M a n d n ee d t o s a v e p r o g r e s s o r s t a te Snapshots are saved as files in the VM folder ( <vmname>.vmx ) W h a t i s s a v e d b y a s n a p s h o t? S t a t e o f V M d i s k s Co n t e n t s o f VM m e m o r y VM s e tt i n g s What is a snapshot? © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

15. Th e D a t a C e n t e r

16. H a r d w a r e i n f r a s t r u c t u r e t h a t s u pp o r t s v i r t u a li z a t i o n F o c u s i s o n p r o c e ss i n g l a r ge a m o un t s of data W h a t a r e t h e t h r e e m a i n components? Compute Storage Networks What is a Data Center? © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

17. Hardware and operating system software that runs applications D i ff e r en c e b etw ee n a P C a n d a s e r v er PCs have user-friendly interface while servers focus on running programs T y p e s o f s e r v e r s : Tower B l a d e s e r v er Ra c k - moun t e d s e r v e r W h a t i s t h e a r c h i te c t u r e o f a s e r v e r ? Compute Systems © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

18. Transfer data across the data center so devices can communicate W h a t t y p e o f h a r d wa r e i s u s e d f o r n e tw o r k i n g? Networks © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

19. Data center storage should have two features: availability and redundancy S t o r a g e © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

20. R edundant A rray of I ndependent D isks Hard drives linked together to create a large volume of redundant storage W h a t a r e t h e t h r e e m e t h o d s o f w r i t i n g t o R A I D? Mirroring Striping Parity What do the RAID numbers mean (i.e., 0, 1, 5)? Storage - RAID © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

21. Block-Level Storage – Data is written to and accessed from storage volumes (blocks) File-Level Storage – Data is written to disks but accessed from default file system Storage - Block vs. File Level © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

22. DAS – Storage device is directly attached to a server (block-level) NAS – Storage device is attached to a network, servers on the network can acc e s s d e vi ce ( f il e - l e v e l) SAN – Clustered storage devices on their own network that servers can connect to (block-level) Storage – Types of Data Center Storage © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

23. Common Data Center Storage Protocols © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t Protocol Application SCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface Medium-sized blade servers, Enterprise servers, DAS FC (Fiber Channel) Enterprise servers, SAN FCoE (Fiber Channel over Ethernet) Enterprise servers, SAN iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) Enterprise servers, NAS

24. T h i c k p r o v i s i o n i n g : D i s k s p a c e i s s t r a teg i c a ll y pr e - a l l o ca t e d t o a s e r v e r , o r a VM. This means that the logical space provided by partitioning is equal to the amount of actual physical space set aside on the physical disk. Storage Provisioning © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

25. Vi r t u a l D a t a C e n t e r

26. Data centers use a lot of hardware and virtualization makes hardware more efficient Increased computing resources results in higher availability of applications Less labor needed to monitor data center (administrator can monitor from desk using a program) Software-defined data center (SDDC): Hypervisor pools physical data center r e s ou rc e s i n t o a vi r t u a l d a t a c e n t e r Benefits of a Virtual Data Center © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

27. Suite of virtualization technology designed for larger enterprise data center management vSphere virtualization tools include: ES X i : T y p e 1 H y p e r vi s o r vCenter : Management software (installed on management server) vSphere Client : Program that controls host servers and VMs What is vSphere? © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

28. v S p h e r e

29. ESXi is VMware’s Type 1 hypervisor software installed directly on the physical se r v e r a n d c r e a t e s t h e v i r t u a l l a ye r Co m po n e n t s o f E S X i : Un i x M i cro k e rn e l V M w a r e K e r ne l ( V M k e r ne l ) What is ESXi? © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

30. vCenter : Software installed on a d e d i c a t e d s e r v e r t o m a n a g e E S X i s e r v e r s an d o t h e r co mp o n e n t s o f a vi r t u a l iz e d data center v S p h e r e C l i e nt : P r o g r am w i t h a g r a p h i c a l u s e r i n t e r f a c e ( G U I ) t h a t a ll o ws da t a c e n t e r a dm i n i s t r a t o rs t o c o nn e c t t o vC e n t e r a nd E S X i r e m o t e l y vCenter and vSphere Client © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

31. Results in increased efficiency of data center servers because multiple VMs can b e h o s t e d o n o n e s e r v e r Computing resources can be distributed to customers using less hardware Server Virtualization © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

32. S t o r a g e c a p a c i t y i s poo l e d a n d d i s t r i b u t e d t o the VMs P h y s i c a l s t o r a g e d e v i c e s a r e partitioned into logical storage ( LUNs ) LU N s a r e u s e d t o c r e a t e a d a t a s t o r e H o w d o V M s a cc e s s d a t a c e n t e r s t o r a ge ? V M s a r e s t o r e d a s V M D K ( . vm d k ) f i l e s o n d a t a st o r e VM c o n f i g u r a t i o n f il e s ( VM s e tt i n g s ) ar e s t o r e d as V M X ( . vm x ) fil e s Storage Virtualization © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

33. P h y si c a l c o mp o n e n t s t h a t m a k e u p t h e p h y si c a l network are virtualized to create a virtual network Wh a t i s a v S w i t c h? Virtual switch that virtual devices can c o nn e c t t o i n o r d e r t o c o mmun i c a te w i t h e a c h o t h e r Wh a t i s a v L A N ? V i r t u a l L o c a l A r e a N e t w o r k t h a t i s se g me n t e d i n t o gro u p s o f p o r t s i so l a t e d fr o m o n e a n o t h e r , c r e a t i n g d i ff e r e nt network segments Network Virtualization © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

34. Bridged Network : The host server and the VM are connected to the same network, and the host shares i t s I P a dd r es s w i t h t h e V M NA T : V M s u s e a n I P t ran s l a t e d fr o m t h e h o s t ’s I P ( u si n g N A T d e vi c e ) a n d c o mm u n i c a t e o n a p riva t e network set up on the host computer Host-only Network : VMs use a private network but do not have translated IP addresses to connect to external network, therefore can only communicate to other VMs on the isolated host network Types of Virtual Networks © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

35. W h y u s e vi r t u a liz e d a pp li c a t io n s ? Some applications have specific system requirements V M w a r e T h i n ap p cr e a t e s a p ac k a g e d vi r t u al ap p , t h at co n t a i n s t h e program and system requirements, and delivers it to the end-user W h a t i s d e s kt op vi r t u a liz a t io n ? Designed to solve computing resource issues faced by the mobile workforce (workers that need computing without the hardware) VMware Horizon takes the resources needed to create a desktop environment from data centers and delivers it to the end-user’s device Application and Desktop Virtualization © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

36. Convergence : Moving from a traditional hardware-based server model to a virtual data center T w o s t r a t eg i e s : Containment : Not deploying any existing applications for customers on virtual servers. Maintain applications running on the hardware-based data center. Consolidation : Moving applications that are running in the old hardware-based data center model using VMware P2V technology Convergence

37. What is the Cloud?

38. Cl o u d c o m pu t i n g i s t h e d e li v e r y o f s h a r e d c o m p u t i n g r e so u r c e s ( s o f t w a r e a n d / o r da t a ) o n - d e m a n d t h r o u g h t h e i n te r n et The Cloud © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

39. Types of Cloud Computing © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t Cl o u d c o m pu t i n g i s c a t eg o r iz e d i n t o d iff e r e n t se r v i c e m o d e l s . T h e m aj or t y p e s of c l ou d computing are: S o f t w a r e a s a S e r vi c e ( S aa S) P l a t f o r m a s a S e r v i c e ( P a a S) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

40. Cl o u d d e p l o y m e n t i n c l u d e s a n e m ph a s iz e o n w h e r e t h e hardware or software is running and who is controlling it. P r i v a t e C l o u d Co mm un i t y Cl o u d P u b li c C l o u d Hy b r i d C l o u d Cloud Deployment Models © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

41. V M w a r e S o l u t i o ns

42. Move running virtual machines from one ESXi host to another ESXi host without se r v i c e i n t e rr u p t i o n ( li v e m i g r a t i o n ) Increases availability of data and computing resources vMotion © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

43. Move the disks and configuration files of a running virtual machine from one datastore to another datastore without service interruption Increases availability of storage Storage vMotion © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

44. Pools servers (hosts) and the VMs that reside on them in a cluster so that in the event of a failure, the virtual machines on a failed host are restarted on alternate hosts High Availability (HA) © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

45. W h a t p r o b l e m d o e s D R S s o lv e ? HA clusters need to be monitored and managed. DRS implements a shared management interface so that the cluster’s resources can be monitored and managed vSphere Storage Distributed Resource Scheduler provides the same solution for storage clusters Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

46. A secondary copy of that virtual machine and its files is created on another ESXi host and datastore Using FT, the transfer to a different server is seamless and will not be noticeable to the end-user Fault Tolerance (FT) © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

47. vSphere Replication makes copies of V M s i n a d i ff e r e nt p hy s i c a l l o c a t i o n, u s e f ul f o r d a t a p r o t e c t i o n a nd d i s a s t e r recovery W o r k s w i t h v S p h e r e C li e n t t o a ll o w ad m i n s t o mo n i t o r Replication © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

48. V M w a r e V S A N ( V i r t ua l S t o r a g e A r e a N e t w o r k ) virtualizes existing storage in data center servers Creates a hyper-converged infrastructure; integrated virtualized data center components from one vendor (i.e., VMware) (Do you recall w h a t a c o n v e r ge d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e i s ?) Interacts with vSphere to create one layer of vi r t ua liz a t i o n s o f t w a r e , w h i c h i s m a na ge d b y t h e v C en te r m a n a g e m en t l a y er V S AN © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

49. S u i t e o f vi r t u a liz a t i o n s o l u t i o n s f o r d a t a center networking V M w a r e N S X c r e a t e s a ‘ s o f t w a r e ne t w o r k ’ o n t o p o f t he p hy s i c a l ne t w o r k t h a t c a n b e d ivi d e d u p i n t o m a n y vi r t u a l networks Virtual networking components included NSX © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

50. S u i t e o f vi r t u a liz a t i o n s o l u t i o n s f o r d a t a center migration VMware Cloud Foundation makes it easy t o t r a n s i t io n f r o m a n e x i s t i n g s y s te m t o a virtual data center Ca n b e u s e d t o vi r t u a liz e o n- pr e m i s e s o r t o m i g r a t e o f f - pr e m i s e s t o c l o u d en vi r o n m en t s s u c h a s A m a z o n W eb S e r vi c e s ( A W S) VMware Cloud Foundation © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

51. Cl o u d m a n a ge m e n t pr o du c t t o qu i c k l y d e liv e r a n d e a s il y m a n a g e t h e personalized infrastructure, applications, an d s e r vi ce s f o r b u s i n e s s n ee d s I n d ivi d u a l s c a n h a v e a cc e s s t o a u s e r - friendly self-service portal to create their own machines Ab ili t y t o d e liv e r se r vi c e s o n d i ffe r e n t p l a t f o r m s s u c h a s A W S a n d A z u r e vCloud Automation Center © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t

52. A n a l y z e a n d r e po r t y o u r c l o u d c o st s, u s a ge , p e r f o r ma nc e , a nd s e c ur i t y M o n i t o r g r o u p s o f r e s o u r c e s o r s p e c if i c r e s ou rc e s s u c h a s C P U, m e m ory, a n d d i s k usage Cl o udH e al t h © N e t wo r k D e v e l o p m e n t G r o u p r e s e r v e d f o r u s e wi t h ND G . t e c h / vm w a r e c o n t en t