Cloud Ecosystem

Cloud Ecosystem presented by Satriyo Dharmanto at IEEE Cloud Computing One Day Course, Institut Teknologi Telkom, Bandung, 11 August 201

1. © Bandung -Indonesia 2012
IEEE – Cloud Computing IT Telkom
IEEE Cloud Computing One Day Course
Institut Teknologi Telkom
Bandung, 11 August 2012
Satriyo Dharmanto Satriyo Dharmanto
Presented by: Presented by:
at:at:

2. What Happen In The World
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3. History of Computer
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4. ICT Indicators
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5. ICT Indicators
©Younger people tend to be more
online than older people, in both
developed and developing
countries.
©In developing countries, 30% of
those under the age of 25 use the
Internet users by age and by development level, 2011*
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those under the age of 25 use the Internet, compared to 23% of
those 25 years and older.
©At the same time, 70% of the
under 25-yearolds a total of 1.9
billion — are not online yet: a
huge potential if developing
countries can connect schools
and increase school enrolment
rates.

6. ICT Indicators
©With 5.9 billion mobile-cellular
subscriptions, global penetration
©reaches 87%, and 79% in the
developing world.
©Mobile-broadband subscriptions
have grown 45% annually over
Almost
6 billion mobile-cellular subscriptions*
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have grown 45% annually over the last four years and today
there are twice as many mobile-
broadband as fixed broadband
subscriptions.

7. ICT Indicators
Home ICT access, 2011*
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©Of 1.8 billion households worldwide, one third have Internet access, compared to only
one fifth five years agoIn developing countries, 25 % of homes have a computer and
20% have Internet access, compared to 20% and 13%, respectively, 3 years ago.

8. ICT Indicators
Europe leads the broadband race
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©Europe leads in broadband connectivity, with fixed- and mobile-broadband penetration reaching
26% and 54%, respectively.
©A number of developing countries have been able to leverage mobile-broadband technologies to
overcome infrastructure barriers and provide high-s peed Internet services to previously
unconnected areas. In Africa, mobile-broadband penetration has reached 4%, compared with less
than 1% for fixed-broadband penetration.

9. Cloud Computing Ecosystem
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10. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

11. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

12. A model for enabling service users
to have ubiquitous, convenient
and on-demandnetwork access
to a shared pool of configurable computing resource s
ITU Definition on Cloud Computing (2012)
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to a shared pool of configurable computing resource s
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, an d services),
that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort
or service-provider interaction .
Cloud computing enables cloud services.

13. Basic Definition: Cloud Service
•Cloud service:
A service that is deliveredand consumed
on demand at any time,
through any access network,
using
any connected devices
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using
any connected devices
using cloud computing technologies.
•It is considered from a telecommunication perspecti ve that
–users are not buying resources
–butcloud services that are enabled by cloud computing environments.

14. The ways to get Computing service
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15. © Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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16. Contents
•Basic Definition •Cloud Ecosystem Actors •CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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IEEE – Cloud Computing IT Telkom
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

17. Cloud Ecosystem Actors:
Cloud Service User
•Cloud service user (CSU): A person or
organizationthat consumes delivered cloud
services
.
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services
.
•A CSU can include intermediate users that will
deliver cloud services provided by a cloud
service provider (CSP) to actual users of the
cloud service, i.e. end users.
•End users can be persons, machines, or
applications.
Photograph: Urbanmyth/Alamy

18. Cloud Ecosystem Actors:
Cloud Service Provider
•Cloud service provider (CSP): An organization that providesand maintains
delivered cloud services .
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Picture ; Equinix

19. Cloud Ecosystem Actors:
Cloud Service Partner
•Cloud service partner (CSN): A person or organizationthat provides
support to the building of the service offer of a C SP(e.g. service
integration).
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20. The three actors of cloud ecosystem
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21. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics •
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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IEEE – Cloud Computing IT Telkom
•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

22. CC Essential Characteristics:
On-demand self-service
•On-demand self-service:
A CSU can
–
unilaterally
provision computing capabilities
, such as
server time
,
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–
unilaterally
provision computing capabilities
, such as
server time
,
network storage and communicationand
–collaboration services,
as needed automatically without requiring human int eraction with each
service’s CSP.

23. CC Essential Characteristics:
Broad network access
•Broad network access:
Capabilitiesare available over the network and accessedthrough
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick
client platforms
(e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
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client platforms
(e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).

24. CC Essential Characteristics:
Resource pooling
•Resource: Any kinds of resources to be shared to compose cloud services,
including computing power, storage, network, database , and applications.
•The CSP’s computing resources are pooledto serve multiple users using a
multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources that are
dynamically assigned and reassigned according to us er demand.
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dynamically assigned and reassigned according to us er demand.
•There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has
no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources,
but may be able to specify the location at a higher lev el of abstraction (e.g.,
country, state, data centre).
Examples of resources include:
•Storage (typically on hard or optical disc drives),
•Processing,
•Memory (typically on DRAM),
•Network bandwidth,
•and Virtual machines (VM).

25. CC Essential Characteristics:
Rapid elasticity
•Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be rapidly and e lastically provisioned, in
some cases automatically, to quickly scale out, and rapidly released to
quickly scale in.
•
To the CSU, the capabilities available for provisio ning often appear to be
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•
To the CSU, the capabilities available for provisio ning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time .

26. CC Essential Characteristics:
Measured service
•Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize
resource use (e.g., storage, processing and bandwidth) by levera ging a
metering capability at some level of abstraction ap propriate to the type of
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metering capability at some level of abstraction ap propriate to the type of service (e.g., the number of active user accounts).
•Resource usage can be monitored, controlled , and reported, providing
transparency for both the CSP and CSU of the utiliz ed service.

27. Other related definitions:
Multi-tenancy
•Multi-tenancy: A characteristic of cloud in which resources are shared
amongst multiple cloud tenants.
•
There is an expectation on the part of the cloud te nant that its use of the
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•
There is an expectation on the part of the cloud te nant that its use of the cloud is isolated from other tenants ’ use of any shared resources; that
tenants in the cloud are restricted from accessing or affecting another
tenant’s assets; that the cloud tenant has the perception of exclusive use
of, and access to, any provisioned resource .
•The means by which such isolation is achieved vary in accordance with
the nature of the shared resource , and can affect security, privacy and
performance.

28. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

29. Cloud service categories:
Cloud software as a service
•Cloud software as a service (SaaS): A category of cloud services where the
capability provided to the CSU is to use the CSP’s applications running on a
cloud infrastructure.
•All applications have the common characteristic to be non-real-timeand
may be of
different kinds, including IT and business applicat ions
, and
may
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may be of
different kinds, including IT and business applicat ions
, and
may
be accessible from different user devices .
•The CSU does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure ,
with the possible exception of limited user-specific application
configuration settings.
Customer Relationship Management
Csalesforce.com
CmyERP.com
COracle OnDemand
CRightNow
Human Resources
COracle Peoplesoft
CNetSuite ePayroll
CWorkday
Productivity and Collaboration
CGmail, Google Apps
CZoho.com
Business Intelligence
CSAS Suite of On-Demand
Applications
CVitria M3O

30. Cloud service categories:
Communications as a service
•Communications as a service (CaaS): A category of cloud services where
the capability provided to the CSU is to use real-t ime communication and
collaboration services.
•
Communication and collaboration services
include voice over IP, instant
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•
Communication and collaboration services
include voice over IP, instant
messaging, and video conferencing, for different us er devices. Communication-as-a-Service:
Cvoice over IP (VoIP or Internet telephony),
Cinstant messaging (IM),
Ccollaboration and videoconference applications
using fixed and mobile devices

31. Cloud service categories:
Cloud platform as a service
•Cloud platform as a service (PaaS): A category of c loud services where the
capability provided to the CSU is to deploy user-created oracquired
applications onto the cloud infrastructure using platform tools supported
by the CSP.
•
P
latform tools
may include
programming languages
and
tools
for
application development, interface development, dat abase development,
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•
P
latform tools
may include
programming languages
and
tools
for
application development, interface development, dat abase development, storage and testing.
•The CSU does not manage or control the underlying c loud infrastructure,
but has control over the deployed applications and, possibly, over the
application hosting environment configurations.
Platform-as-a-Service:
oGoogle Applications Engine
CAllows Web applications to be deployed on Google’s architecture
oMicrosoft Windows Azure
CCloud computing architecture that is offered to hos t .NET applications

32. Cloud service categories:
Cloud infrastructure as a service
•Cloud infrastructure as a service (IaaS): A categor y of cloud services where
the capability provided by the CSP to the CSU is to provision processing,
storage, intra-cloud network connectivity services (e.g. VLAN, firewall, load
balancer, and application acceleration), and other fundamental computing
resources of the cloud infrastructure where
the CSU is able to deploy and
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resources of the cloud infrastructure where
the CSU is able to deploy and
run arbitrary application .
•The CSU does not manage or control the resources of the underlying cloud
infrastructure but has control over operating systems, deployed
applications, and possibly limited control of selec t networking components
(e.g., host firewalls).
Amazon Web Services
CProvide on-demand Cloud computing services using variable cost model
Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
CProvide fully private Cloud services model using th e Amazon cloud infrastructure
Mozy.com
CProvides backup services over the Internet

33. Cloud service categories:
Network infrastructure as a service
•Network as a service (NaaS): A category of cloud se rvices where the
capability provided to the CSU is to use transport connectivity services
and/or inter
-
cloud network connectivity services
.
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and/or inter
-
cloud network connectivity services
.
•NaaS services include flexible and extended VPN, bandwidth on demand,
etc.
Note: CaaS and NaaS are specialized service categor ies of a
telecommunication centric cloud ecosystem: although services of these
categories are assumed to be supported in different cloud deployment
models, they fully empower the service offering of telecommunication
service market players in a cloud ecosystem.

34. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models •Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

35. Cloud deployment models:
Private
•Private cloud : The cloud infrastructure is operate d solely for an
organization
.
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organization
.
•It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on
premise or off premise.

36. Cloud deployment models:
Community
•Community cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared by several
organizations and supports a specific community that has shared
concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, pol icy, and compliance
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concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, pol icy, and compliance considerations).
•It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on
premise or off premise.

37. Cloud deployment models:
Public
•Public cloud: The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general
public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling
cloud services
.
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cloud services
.

38. Cloud deployment models:
Private,
Public, Community
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39. Cloud deployment models:
Hybrid
•Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composi tion of two or more
clouds
using
different deployment models
(private, community, or public)
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clouds
using
different deployment models
(private, community, or public)
that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardizedor
proprietary technology that enables dataand application portability
(e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between cl ouds).
•It should be noted that the cloud-deployment models do not reflect
where services, platforms, applications, or resourc es are actually hosted.
For example, a private cloud can be hosted internally(on site) or
externally (outsourced).

40. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•Cloud service categories
•
Cloud deployment models
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•Inter-cloud scenario
•
Cloud Services Mapping
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•
Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud •CC model
•
Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

41. Inter-cloud
•Inter-cloud computing: Inter-cloud computing allows on-demand
assignmentof cloud resources, including computing, storageand network,
and the transfer of workload through interworking of cloud systems.
•
The term “
inter
-
cloud
” is used instead of “inter
-
cloud computing”.
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•
The term “
inter
-
cloud
” is used instead of “inter
-
cloud computing”.

42. Inter-cloud Implementation
•From the view point of a CSP, inter-cloud computing can be implemented
in different manners, including
–inter-cloud peering,
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–inter-cloud service broker and
–inter-cloud federation.
•These manners correspond to distinct possible roles that a CSP can play
when interacting with other CSPs.

43. Inter-cloud Implementation:
Inter-cloud peering
•Inter-cloud peering: direct inter-connection betwee n two CSPs.
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44. Inter-cloud Implementation:
Inter-cloud service broker
•Inter-cloud service broker (ISB): indirect interconnection between two (or
more) CSPs achieved through an interconnecting CSP which, in addition to
providing interworking service functions between th e interconnected
CSPs, also provides brokering service functions for one (or more) of the
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CSPs, also provides brokering service functions for one (or more) of the interconnected CSPs.
–ISB also covers the case in which one (or more) of the interconnected
entities receiving the brokering service is a cloud service user (CSU).
–Brokering service functions generally include, but are not limited to,
the following three categories: service intermediation, service
aggregation and service arbitrage.

45. Inter-cloud Implementation:
Inter-cloud federation
•Inter-cloud federation: a manner to implement inter -cloud computing in
which mutually trusted clouds logically join together by integrating their
resources.
•
Inter
-
cloud federation allows a CSP to dynamically outsou rce resources to
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•
Inter
-
cloud federation allows a CSP to dynamically outsou rce resources to
other CSPs in response to demand variations.

46. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

47. The emergence of the CC model: 2008
•The term “cloud” was first introduced in 2008 to designate a new
approach for service delivery through the network (the network schema
is usually illustrated by a cloud in telecommunicat ion architecture
diagrams).
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diagrams).

48. The emergence of the CC model:
Last five years
•Software as a service(SaaS) emerged in the last five years as a new
concept for accessing a software application (compu ting task) which can
be described as "IT service-centric": SaaS can be s een as a software
distribution model in which
applications are hosted by a service provider
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distribution model in which
applications are hosted by a service provider
and made available to customers over a network , typically the Internet,
and where a single instance (virtual application) o f the software runs on
the SaaS provider servers, following a multi-tenant 1-to-N architecture ,
and charged on a per usage basis.

49. The emergence of the CC model:
Last five years
•The SaaS model has some similarity with the applica tion service provider
(ASP) model introduced in the beginning of 2000 as an evolution of the
Internet service provider (ISP) model, but it is co nsidered
a more
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Internet service provider (ISP) model, but it is co nsidered
a more
advanced model for managing(self-management and rapid provisioning),
hosting (virtualization resources), software archit ecture modularization
(multi-tenant API), and licensed applications insta ntiation under a usage-
based transaction.

50. The emergence of the CC model:
Recent development
•The recent development of high-bit-rate access and improvement of the
network layer availability by major ISPs can be considered as the most
important starting point for the emerging online/Sa aS and cloud market.
•
Considering cloud computing as an evolution of ASP and some
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•
Considering cloud computing as an evolution of ASP and some generalization of SaaS online services, with an extension to platform and
infrastructure services (PaaS and IaaS), cloud computing can be also
named network computing (or Internet computing).

51. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities •Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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IEEE – Cloud Computing IT Telkom
•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

52. Opportunities for
market players through CC
Cloud computing is changing the ICT ecosystem with emerging business roles
and modification of the ICT industry value chain.
–
Opportunities for
small and medium enterprises
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–
Opportunities for
small and medium enterprises
–Opportunities for hardware and software providers
–Opportunities for large ICT enterprises
–Opportunities for other market players

53. Opportunities for
small and medium enterprises
•Small and medium enterprises consider the usage of cloud computing to
improve flexibility andto reduce the cost of their IT systems .
•
Furthermore, their needs for
hardware and software ownership may be
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•
Furthermore, their needs for
hardware and software ownership may be
reduced.

54. Opportunities for
hardware and software providers
•The hardware and software for the support of cloud services may be
increased, since operators need to possess extensive hardware and
software resources for economies of scale
.
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software resources for economies of scale
.
•This may promote business growth for hardware and s oftware providers.

55. Opportunities for
large ICT enterprises
•In general, cloud computing offers opportunities of business
transformationfor large ICT enterprises.
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56. Opportunities for
other market players
•Cloud computing provides opportunities for other ma rket players, e.g.
application developers, application integrators, ap plication providers,
content providers
.
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content providers
.
•Cooperation with operators of cloud services enable s the creation of a
broader market and win-win situations between opera tors and these
market players.

57. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities •Possible Roles •Business aspects
•Inter-cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

58. Possible roles in a cloud ecosystem:
CSP
The following provides a non-exhaustive list of pos sible roles that can be
played by each of the three cloud ecosystem actors:
•Cloud service provider (CSP):
–
Provider of SaaS and/or CaaS and/or PaaS and/or Iaa S and/or NaaS.
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–
Provider of SaaS and/or CaaS and/or PaaS and/or Iaa S and/or NaaS.
–A CSP may offer cloud services of one or more of th ese five cloud
service categories.
–Inter-cloud:
•Inter-cloud peering,
•Inter-cloud service broker,
•Inter-cloud federation

59. Possible roles in a cloud ecosystem:
CSU and CSN
•Cloud service user (CSU):
–Consumer,
–Enterprise (including enterprise administrator),
–
Governmental/public institution
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–
Governmental/public institution
•Cloud service partner (CSN):
–Application developer,
–Content provider,
–Software provider,
–Hardware provider,
–Equipment provider,
–System integrator,
–Auditor

60. Actors with some of their possible
roles in a cloud ecosystem
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61. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects •
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

62. Business aspects in a cloud ecosystem
•The traditional IT outsourcing services’ business-v alue chain is usually
shared by actors playing the following roles:
–the infrastructure vendors,
–
the application developers,
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–
the application developers,
–the outsourcing service integrators,
–and the users.
•Since each level of the cloud infrastructure can be provided as services to
the cloud service users, the value chain in a cloud ecosystem includes a
number of possibilities.

63. Business-value chain in a cloud ecosystem
(1/3)
Currently, the business-value chain in a cloud ecos ystem is shared among the
following actors:
•The cloud service partners playing the role of resource suppliers, supply
hardware and/or basic software
to the
cloud service providers
.
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hardware and/or basic software
to the
cloud service providers
.
•The cloud service providers provide virtual and/or physical computing
capability, storage, communication facilities, API and/or application
resources to cloud service users , i.e., the provision of infrastructure (IaaS
and NaaS), platform (PaaS) and/or application servi ces (SaaS and CaaS).

64. Business-value chain in a cloud ecosystem
(2/3)
•CSP and CSN purchase hardware and basic software from cloud service
partners playing the role of hardware and software providers and provide
resources/services to other cloud service partners (e.g. playing the role of
application developer) and/or the cloud service use rs.
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application developer) and/or the cloud service use rs.
–They also integrate applications from cloud service partners so as to
provide application resources/services to the other cloud service
providers (playing one or more of the possible CSP roles, including the
role of inter-cloud) and/or the cloud service users .
–They are in the core position in the business-value chain.

65. Business-value chain in a cloud ecosystem
(3/3)
•The cloud service partners playing the role of hardware and software
providers supply hardware and/or basic software to the cloud service
providers and those playing the role of application developers utilize the
virtual and/or physical computing capability, stora ge, communication
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facilities and/or API resources provided by the clo ud service providers to
develop applications.
•The cloud service users do not utilize their purchased cloud services to
generate additional value. The cloud service users purchase cloud services
from cloud service providers.
•The large enterprises and institutions usually buy either private or public
cloud services, while the small and medium enterpri ses as well as
individual persons usually buy public cloud service s.

66. Example of business-value chain
between actors of a cloud ecosystem
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67. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

68. Scenarios of cloud interaction
involving the inter-cloud role
•Inter-cloud scenario with QoS Control
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69. Inter-cloud scenario with QoS Control
(1/2)
In this scenario CSPs are enabled to play the role of Inter-Cloud with QoS
control for cloud services.
An example of inter-cloud scenario with QoScontrol is the following.
•The CSP playing the Inter-Cloud role supports the capability to monitor
the
QoS
of Cloud services
offered by different Cloud Service Providers, and
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the
QoS
of Cloud services
offered by different Cloud Service Providers, and
chooses the most suitable CSP to provide the requested service.
•When the CSP playing the role of Inter-Cloud receiv es a service request
from the originating CSP, it processes the request.
–This process takes into account the originating CSP ’s QoSrequirements
(the request information may include service type i nformation, the
required QoSparameters information, etc.) and the c andidate
terminating CSP(s)’ resource status (eventually mon itored or got from
other Inter-Clouds). Then, the CSP returns the resu lt to the originating
CSP.

70. Inter-cloud scenario with QoS Control
(2/2)
•For example, in case of strict bandwidth requiremen ts, resource
reservation of the candidate terminating Cloud Serv ice Provider(s) can be
applied in addition to monitoring their resource st atus. This process
includes resource reservation for the multiple cand idates,
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includes resource reservation for the multiple cand idates, acknowledgement for the selected one, and release f or the un-selected
ones.
•QoS control needs further study (e.g. performance m onitoring not only at
network-level but also at storage-and process-level ).

71. Inter-cloud scenario with
Cloud Service Composition
•Cloud service composition enables the CSP to play t he role of Inter-Cloud
in order to provide a service to the originating CSP via mec hanisms by
which multiple services offered by different CSPs are invoked under the
control of a service logic (the service logic descr ibes the order of the
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control of a service logic (the service logic descr ibes the order of the invoking of services and the related parameters).
•There are two different kinds of cloud service comp osition:
Cstaticand dynamiccloud service compositions.

72. Static cloud service compositions.
•For static cloud service composition, the CSP playi ng the role of Inter-
Cloud uses a concrete service logic specifying conc rete services, interface
invoking information, data flow (services input/out put parameters) and
control flow (services invoking order) of the servi ces.
•
The concrete service logic is given by the originat ing CSP (Arrow (1)).
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•
The concrete service logic is given by the originat ing CSP (Arrow (1)).
•The CSP playing the role of Inter-Cloud invokes the se concrete services
according to the data flow and control flow and get s the results of these
services. The service may comprise resources and ca pabilities of multiple
CSPs (Arrows (2), (3), (4), and (5)).
•The CSP playing the role of Inter-Cloud then compos es the entire service
as the final result and returns it to the originati ng Cloud Service Provider
(Arrow (6)).

73. Dynamic cloud service compositions.
•For dynamic cloud service composition, the CSP play ing the role foInter-
Cloud uses an abstract service logic specifying ser vice classes (different
services which provide the same service function be long to the same
service class), data flow and control flow of these services.
•The abstract service logic is given by the originat ing CSP (Arrow (1)).
•The CSP playing the role of Inter-Cloud translates the abstract service logic
into the concrete service logic before searching th e concrete services that
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into the concrete service logic before searching th e concrete services that can fulfill the requirements.
•Specifically, the translation is to replace the ser vice classes with concrete
services and create interface invoking information for the services.
•Then the CSP playing the role of Inter-Cloud execut es the concrete service
logic and gets the results of the services. Finally , it composes the entire
service as the final result and returns it to the o riginating CSP.

74. Inter-cloud scenario with
Cloud Service Composition
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75. Scenarios of inter-cloud
This clause provides scenarios of inter-cloud invol ving the different inter-
cloud roles identified before.
•Scenario with inter-cloud peering
•Scenario with inter-cloud federation
•
Scenario with
inter
-
cloud service broker
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•
Scenario with
inter
-
cloud service broker

76. Scenario with inter-cloud peering
•Two CSPs interwork directly with each other. Each C SP exposes its own API
for cloud interworking, and the CSPs interwork with each other directly by
using the other CSP’s API.
•In this figure , CSP A interworks with CSP B using API provided by CSP B
and vice versa.
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and vice versa.
Cloud Service
provider A
Cloud Service
provider B
API(B) API(A)
API(X): API provided by Cloud Service provider X

77. Scenario with inter-cloud federation
•Mutually trusted CSPs logically join an alliance to gether.
•The common API for cloud interworking is defined in the alliance, and
each CSP interworks with other CSPs in the alliance through the common
API.
Cloud Service
provider
A
Cloud Service
provider
B
Common
API
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provider
A
provider
B
Common
API
Cloud Service
provider C
Common API
Common API

78. Scenario with inter-cloud service broker
•The scenario of Inter-cloud with Inter-Cloud Servic e Broker is shown in
next figure.
•In this scenario, the CSP playing the inter-cloud s ervice broker role
receives a cloud service request from a cloud serv ice provider or a cloud
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receives a cloud service request from a cloud serv ice provider or a cloud service user through its own API.
•The CSP playing the role of inter-cloud service bro ker interworks with one
or more other CSPs and provides brokering service f unctions by
integrating services provided by these CSPs.
•Interworking between the CSP playing the inter-clou d service broker role
and the other CSPs is established by either inter-cloud peering or inter-
cloud federation.

79. Scenario with inter-cloud service broker
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80. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping •Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

81. Cloud Services mapping
Mapping of some relevant Cloud Services to the iden tified Cloud Service
categories
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
NaaS
CaaS
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SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
NaaS
CaaS
Desktop as a Service X
Service Delivery Platform as a Service X X X
Cloud Communication center X X
(Flexible and extended) VPN X
Bandwidth on demand X

82. Other related definitions:
Desktop as a service
•Desktop as a service (DaaS): The capability provide d to the cloud service
user to use virtualized desktops from a cloud servi ce provider in the form
of outsourcing.
•
A central server located in the cloud retains the v irtualized desktops
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•
A central server located in the cloud retains the v irtualized desktops instead of maintaining and running desktop operatin g system and
applications on the local storage of remote clients , and all of the used
applications and data are kept and run centrally. B ased on application
streaming and virtualization technologies, cloud se rvice users can access
desktop operating system and applications through a completely hosted
system.

83. Other related definitions:
Service delivery platform as a service
•Service delivery platform: A system architecture or environment that
enables the efficient creation, deployment, executi on, orchestration and
management of one or more classes of services.
•
Service delivery platform as a service (SDPaaS): Th e capability provided to
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•
Service delivery platform as a service (SDPaaS): Th e capability provided to the cloud service user to use service delivery plat form (SDP)
functionalities and services provided by a cloud se rvice provider, and the
capability provided to a cloud service provider to deploy, control and
manage SDP functionalities.
•SDPaaS may be implemented via utilization and inter mediation of
different SaaS/CaaS and PaaS cloud services.

84. Other related definitions: Cloud communication centre
•Cloud communication centre: A cloud communication c entre (service)
enables advanced features for the customer-enterpri se interaction using
the communication and management capabilities provi ded by a cloud-
based telecommunication infrastructure (managed by the cloud service
provider).
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provider).
•Such capabilities include for example: management i n the cloud of
communication centre relevant resources, such as cu stomer resources,
enterprise agent resources, media storage resources , content resources,
transport resources and communication resources; ac cess of fixed and
mobile customers and enterprise agents via a unifie d client, such as a Web
browser; sharing of enterprise applications which a re common among
different enterprises; and application charging to enterprises on a per-
resource usage basis.

85. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping •Use Case •DaaS
•SLA

86. Use Case:
From the perspective of CSU and CSPs
DaaS:
•General use case of desktop as a service (DaaS)
•Specific use case of DaaS -Office automation of dev elopment-oriented
enterprise
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enterprise
•Specific use case of DaaS -Customer service call ce ntre
•Service delivery platform as a service (SDPaaS)
Mobile Cloud

87. Use Case:
From the perspective of CSU and CSPs
Cloud migration and portability
•Cloud migration and portability: Move three-tier ap plication from on-
premises to cloud
•
Cloud migration and portability: Move three
-
tier cloud application to
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•
Cloud migration and portability: Move three
-
tier cloud application to
another cloud
•Cloud migration and portability: Move part of on-pr emises application to
cloud to create “hybrid” application
•Cloud migration and portability: Hybrid cloud appli cation that uses
platform services
•Cloud migration and portability: Port the cloud app lication that uses
platform services to another cloud
User data inquiry and analysis based on massive dat a processing

88. Use Case:
From the inter cloud perspective
•SLA mapping between CSP (inter-cloud service broker ) and CSP
•Guaranteeing performance against an abrupt increase of the load
•Use case of guaranteeing performance regarding dela y
•
Guaranteed availability
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•
Guaranteed availability
•Service continuity
•Market transactions via brokers

89. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS •SLA

90. DaaS
•DaaS is defined as the capability provided to the C SUs to use virtualized
desktops from a CSP in the form of outsourcing.
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91. DaaS
•Instead of maintaining and running desktop operatin g system and
applications on the local storage of remote clients , a central server located
in the cloud retains the virtualized desktops and a ll of the used
applications and data are kept and run centrally.
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•Based on application streaming and virtualization t echnologies, CSUs can
access desktop operating system and applications th rough a completely
hosted system.

92. Key characteristics of DaaS :
Enhanced management and security
•Since all applications actually run in a central se rver, they are much more
secure than if they were installed on each user’s P C because the cloud
service provider can focus more on patches and viru s protection.
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•In addition, the user’s IT department no longer nee ds to worry about
support and maintenance of a high number of individ ual desktops.

93. Key characteristics of DaaS :
Lower TCO (Total cost of ownership)
•By placing emphasis on the data centre rather than individual devices,
DaaS promotes longer hardware life.
•Organizations or enterprises seeking to avoid addit ional costs can switch
part of their IT infrastructure from capital expend iture (CAPEX) to
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part of their IT infrastructure from capital expend iture (CAPEX) to operating expenditure (OPEX), as they now pay for v irtualized desktops.
•Also, by decoupling the desktop operating system fr om the hardware,
smaller and cheaper PCs or even thin clients can be employed, leading to
substantial savings.

94. Key characteristics of DaaS :
Preservation of the rich client experience
•DaaS can provide an uncompromised client experience .
•This is due to the fact that it leverages a hypervi sor layer which enables
the hosting of authentic client OSs (i.e. Windows X P, Vista, etc.).
•
Conversely, shared service environments offer a cli ent experience that
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•
Conversely, shared service environments offer a cli ent experience that may compromise between application compatibility an d user
personalization.

95. Key characteristics of DaaS :Separation of service-provider and
service-user responsibilities
•DaaS allows clean separation between the responsibi lities of the cloud
service provider and the cloud service user.
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service provider and the cloud service user.
•The cloud service provider is responsible for every thing up to the
virtualized desktops (i.e. servers, storage, virtua lization software, etc.),
and the cloud service user is responsible for every thing inside the
virtualized desktops (i.e. OS image/licensing, appl ication
packaging/licensing, user profiles, etc.)

96. Key technical solutions of DaaS :
Server-based computing (SBC)
•A technical solution whereby applications are deplo yed, managed,
supported and executed on the server, not on the cl ient.
•
Instead, only the screen information is transmitted between server and client.
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client.
•This technology solves various fundamental problems that occur when
executing the applications on the client itself.

97. Key technical solutions of DaaS :
Presentation virtualization
•A technical solution whereby an application's user interface is separated
from its logic, and the user interface is presented in a different location
than where the application logic is processed.
•
This separation allows the application to be presen ted in one location
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•
This separation allows the application to be presen ted in one location whilst the application’s deployment, configuration and maintenance are
done in another location.

98. Key technical solutions of DaaS :
Desktop virtualization
•A technical solution separation of a PC desktop env ironment from a
physical machine using a client–server model of com puting.
•It involves encapsulating and delivering either acc ess to an entire
information system environment or the environment i tself to a remote
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information system environment or the environment i tself to a remote client device.
•The client device may use an entirely different har dware architecture than
that used by the projected desktop environment, and may also be based
upon an entirely different operating system.

99. Key technical solutions of DaaS :
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)
•The server-based computing technical solution that enables desktop
virtualization and encompasses the hardware and sof tware systems
required to support the virtualized environment. It takes the users’
operating environments (operating systems, applicat ions, files and data)
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operating environments (operating systems, applicat ions, files and data) and recreates them in an environment hosted on a re mote system,
typically a virtualized desktop.
•The users then access this environment remotely fro m their computers,
with all the processing associated with the environ ment taking place on
the remote virtualized desktop.

100. General use case of DaaS
Legend Usecase
Usecasetitle DaaS
Relevant
actors
(played
roles)
CSP
(
IaaS
provider),
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Relevant
actors
(played
roles)
CSP
(
IaaS
provider),
CSU(consumer,enterprise)
Relevant cloudservicescategories IaaS
RelevantclouddeploymentmodelsPrivateCloud,
PublicCloud

101. General use case of DaaS
Use case description
Between a consumer and a CSP:
•In this scenario, a consumer accesses and uses data or applications in a
CSP which offers virtual desktop service.
•
A consumer can enjoy the environment with all progr ams and applications
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•
A consumer can enjoy the environment with all progr ams and applications which are identical with those of traditional PCs.
•Of course, the consumer can choose the virtual hard ware specification of
its virtual desktops.
•If necessary, the environment (i.e. operating syste m) can be changed to
another one immediately.
•All the consumer has to do is keeping up with a pas sword since all data are
totally stored and managed in the CSP.

102. General use case of DaaS
Use case description
Between an enterprise and a CSP:
•An enterprise using virtual desktop service from a CSP for its internal
processes is included in this use case.
•
In this scenario, the enterprise can select applica tions or OS in the DaaS
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•
In this scenario, the enterprise can select applica tions or OS in the DaaS service for certain enterprise functions.
•Unlike the use case between a consumer and a CSP, t he enterprise
normally uses storage for backups.
•Also, the enterprise can overcome peak loads and sa ve energy by
requesting the CSP online to increase or decrease t he number of virtual
desktops, respectively.

103. General use case of DaaS
Use case description
Among an enterprise, a consumer, and a CSP:
•In this scenario, the enterprise makes the consumer do works with its
internal processes at the outside of the enterprise by transferring virtual
desktops and related data through the CSP.
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desktops and related data through the CSP.
•Contrary to above two scenarios, the consumer canno t select applications
freely and more limitations to access data in the e nterprise may exist than
at inside of the enterprise.
•Whenever the consumer connects with the CSP, the CS P sends feedback
data to the consumer by accessing the enterprise to handle or bypass
corresponding data.

104. General use case of DaaS
Information flow
Between a consumer and a CSP:
•The consumer should send information about authenti cation (i.e.
password).
•
The CSP offers virtual desktop environment of corre sponding data such as
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•
The CSP offers virtual desktop environment of corre sponding data such as OS, applications, and user data by virtual desktop delivery protocol
(VDDP).
•In case of the consumer’s change in the virtual des ktop environment
including virtual hardware specification, the consu mer can transfer
additional information related with selection.

105. General use case of DaaS
Information flow
Between an enterprise and a CSP:
•This case is similar to that between a consumer and a CSP except
controlling the number of the virtual desktops.
•
The enterprise can send warning information when ab normal situation
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•
The enterprise can send warning information when ab normal situation (i.e. peak load) occurs.

106. General use case of DaaS
Information flow
Among an enterprise, a consumer, and a CSP:
•Information for authentication flows from the consu mer to the enterprise
through the CSP.
•
Once the consumer is identified, information regard ing internal processes
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•
Once the consumer is identified, information regard ing internal processes is transferred to the CSP and it is dispatched to t he end-user by VDDP.
•The consumer’s output data is stored to the CSP or the enterprise but
there is no path for selection information as in th e first case since the
consumer cannot have an authority to alter the virt ual desktop
environment.

107. General use case of DaaS
High level figure describing the use case
Cloud Service Provider
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Consumer
Enterprise
Cloud 
Infrastructure
Virtualized Desktops
Virtualized Desktops

108. General use case of DaaS
Derived requirements for the cloud ecosystem
•Consumers require accessing their desktop environme nts independently
of locations, indeed, with their various devices.
•Desktop environment needs to guarantee the business continuity and a
recovery solution about a system failure.
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recovery solution about a system failure.
•Consumers desire to use their personal tasks separa ting business
computing.
•Consumers eager to run various applications as in t raditional PCs.

109. Contents
•Basic Definition
•Cloud Ecosystem Actors
•CC Essential Characteristics
•
Cloud service categories
•Opportunities
•Possible Roles
•Business aspects
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
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•
Cloud service categories
•Cloud deployment models
•Inter-cloud
•CC model
•
Inter
-
cloud scenario
•Cloud Services Mapping
•Use Case
•DaaS
•SLA

110. Other related definitions:
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
•SLA : An abbreviated service agreement stating the technical performance
promises made by a provider, including remedies for performance failures.
•An SLA is composed of three parts.
–
The first part is a collection of promises made to subscribers,
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–
The first part is a collection of promises made to subscribers,
–(2) a collection of promises explicitly not made to subscribers, i.e.,
limitations, and
–(3) a set of obligations that subscribers must acce pt.
•In practice, an SLA may contain non-quantitative pa rameters, such as
specific regulations, citizenship requirements, bus iness process standards
(e.g. ISO 20000). Cloud services may have different types of SLAs.

111. SLA for Cloud Computing:
Availability
SLA ItemDescription
Service
availability,
Probability at which the service is usable ((planne d service time -
service suspension time) ÷planned service time)
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Availability
Average
recovery time
Average time from a fault occurrence to completion of its repair
(total repair times ÷number of fault occurrences)
Service
suspension
time
Recovery time in cases where business continuity me asures
against expected faults are available
Objective of the time needed for recovery from a di saster
Time of data
recovery point
Point in time from which data is recovered

112. SLA for Cloud Computing:
Performance
SLA Item Description
Online response time Response time for online processing
Online response time
Percentage of online transactions that have been
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compliance ratio
completed within the target time
Batch processing time Response time for batch processing
Batch processing time
compliance ratio
Percentage of batch processing tasks that have
been completed within the target time
Maximum number of
processing tasks per unit time
Maximum number of processing tasks per unit time
Compliance ratio of maximum
processing tasks per unit time
Percentage of cases where the maximum number
of processing tasks per unit time is equal to or ha s
exceeded the target number

113. SLA for Cloud Computing:
Security (1/2)
SLA Item Description
Status of the cloud service
provider’s acquisition of the
relevant security standard
Whether or not the cloud service provider has acqui red
certification for the information security manageme nt system
standard: “ ISMS Certification Standards (Ver.2.0) ISO27001”
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relevant security standard
standard: “ ISMS Certification Standards (Ver.2.0) ISO27001”
Status of certification of the party
possessing management authority
Whether or not measures have been implemented again st threat
of information leakage that may be caused by an att acker who has
gained management authority
Status of operational restrictions
included in security measures
taken on the management system
Whether or not there are access restrictions to pre vent installation
of malicious software that may cause information le akage, and to
prevent the setting of unnecessary access paths
Keeping data transmitted between
cloud systems confidential
Whether or not data transmitted between clouds are kept
confidential
Data location Storing data at domestic sites

114. SLA for Cloud Computing:
Security (1/2)
SLA Item Description
Data location Storing data at domestic sites
Status of acquisition of a log for
detection of malicious acts
Whether or not a log can be acquired to detect mali cious access
attempts and to enable the taking of necessary meas ures if such
attempts have been detected
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attempts have been detected
Period during which a log is kept
for detection of malicious acts
Period during which evidence is kept to confirm any malicious acts
conducted or correct processing
Status of communication control
to block malicious communication
Whether or not communication control is available t o block threat
of attacks that use stepping stones and to block in formation from
being taken outside
Status of measures against
network congestion to circumvent
DoD/DDoS attacks
Whether or not measures to circumvent denial of ser vice attacks
are available
Implementation of measures
against malware
Whether or not measures to prevent infection by mal ware are
available

115. SLA Measurement (1/3)
•Cloud service users need a way to compare services from competing cloud
service providers, as well as with their own intern al capabilities to offer
appropriate basis for cloud services operations.
•
"SLA (Service Level Agreement) Management Handbook" provides an
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•
"SLA (Service Level Agreement) Management Handbook" provides an approach that can analyze through periodically samp ling the performance
data in order to form a QoS report for the quality evaluation statistically.
•However, this approach doesn’t provide a quantitati ve evaluation of the
QoS, thus it is not able to reflect the quality of service operation in real
time.

116. SLA Measurement (2/3)
•In the service quality evaluation process, quantita tive assessment which
directly reflects the service is essential.
•It can be quantified from both the service paramete rs and customer
perception point of view.
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perception point of view.
•Quantitative Units can be described and/or calibrat ed in terms of linear
capability, throughput, or consumption-based

117. SLA Measurement (3/3)
•For computing, there must be a consistent benchmark that is useful for
comparison across a wide range of Cloud Subscriber needs.
•For storage, measurement units must allow compariso n of capacity,
performance and quality.
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–Quality would be rated by level.
•For networks, measurement units must allow comparis on of bandwidth,
performance and quality.
–Bandwidth can be represented in gigabits/second. Pe rformance can be
quantified in latency/jitter/throughput per minute.

118. SLA life cycle management
•SLAs are the contractual basis between the cloud se rvice users and cloud
service providers.
•They contain details of shared information and serv ice level guarantees
that are offered by cloud service providers.
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that are offered by cloud service providers.
•They will play an important role in future cloud de velopment steps.
•Cloud service management can be achieved by the eff ective SLA lifecycle
management.

119. SLA life cycle: 6 Steps
SLA lifecycle can be normally divided into 6 steps:
1. Product/service Development
2. Negotiation and sales
3.
Implementation
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4. Execution
5. Assessment
6. Decommission
SLA lifecycle should be considered in SLA developme nt.
Different methods are combined to support each step in SLA lifecycle, and
different parameters are used for relevant steps.

120. Requirements of end-to-end QoS
•In a cloud computing environment, requirements of e nd-to-end QoS are
different.
•The use of SLA guarantees in a product can make the network more
customer
-
focused.
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customer
-
focused.
•The traditional technical components of SLA are mad e up of a number of
negotiated Service Level Objectives (SLO) which are based on Key
Performance Indicators (KPI).
•In a cloud environment, KPI is measured by Standard Unit of Measure
(SUoM).
•SLA-based services are becoming a key requirement f or the provisioning of
IP-based cloud services in order to ensure QoS.

121. Cloud Service
SLA Lifecycle Management
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122. SLA mapping between CSP-ISB and CSP •This use case deals with the SLA mapping between th e CSP playing the
Inter-Cloud Service Broker role (CSP-ISB) and other CSPs.
•
Multiple CSPs will contribute to, or impact concurr ently, the SLA between
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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•
Multiple CSPs will contribute to, or impact concurr ently, the SLA between the CSP-ISB and the CSU when an orchestrated servic e is provided.

123. SLA mapping between CSP-ISB and CSP
Legend Use case
Use case titleSLA mapping between CSP (Inter-Cloud Service
Broker) and CSP
Relevant actors (played roles) Cloud Service User (c onsumer, enterprise,
governmental institution), Cloud Service Provider
(IaaS provider, PaaS provider, SaaS provider, Inter -
cloud Service Broker)
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cloud Service Broker)
Relevant cloud services
categories
IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
Relevant cloud deployment
models
Public Cloud

124. SLA mapping between CSP-ISB and CSP:
Use case description
•CSP-ISB is the contact point for CSU, and there is SLA (SLA0) between
them.
•
CSP
-
ISB integrates services from multiple CSPs, for ins tance, storage
service from CSP
-
1 and computing service from CSP
-
2.
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service from CSP
-
1 and computing service from CSP
-
2.
•There are B2B level SLA between CSP-ISB and CSP-1, CSP-2 respectively
(SLA1, SLA2).
•For CSP-ISB, in order to guarantee SLA0 for CSU, it needs to map SLA0 to
SLA1 and SLA2, because SLA0 is actually implemented by SLA1 and SLA2.

125. SLA mapping between CSP-ISB and CSP:
Derived requirements for the cloud ecosystem
•It should be possible for CSP-ISBand CSPsto negotiate SLAs.
•It should be possible for CSP-ISBto coordinate the SLAs from multiple
CSPs (which is related with business decision).
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126. Cloud Computing Courses
Fundamental
•Cloud Ecosystem
•Cloud Architecture
•Cloud Infrastructure
Specialization
•Saas and Web Applications
•Virtualization
•Platform and Storage
Management
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•Cloud Resource Management
•Cloud Security
Management
•Cloud Profiles
•Inter-cloud

127. © Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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128. IEEE Activities in Cloud Computing
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129. IEEE Activities in Cloud Computing
•IEEE Cloud Computing Initiative (
http://cloudcomputing.ieee.org/
):
–to stimulate the innovation and dissemination of Cl oud Computing technologies and
applications.
•Standards: IEEE Cloud Computing Initiative has orig inated two working
drafts:
–IEEE P2301™, Draft Guide for Cloud Portability and Interoperability Profiles.
–IEEE P2302™, Draft Standard for Intercloud Interope rability and Federation.
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•APCloudCC (IEEE Asia Pacific Cloud
Computing Congress 2012) 14-17
November 2012, Shenzhen, CHINA
http://www.apcloudcc.org/
•IEEE CloudCom 2012 (4th IEEE
International Conference on Cloud
Computing Technology and Science) 3-6
December 2012, Taipei, TAIWAN
http://2012.cloudcom.org
Activities (2012)
•IEEE CLOUD 2012 (5
th
International
Conference on Cloud Computing) 24-29 June
2012, Hawaii, USA
http://www.thecloudcomputing.org/2012/in dex.html
•IEEE Cloud Computing for Emerging Markets
Conference, 11-12 October 2012, Bangalore,
INDIA
http://ewh.ieee.org/ieee/ccem/index.html

130. IEEE Activities in Cloud Computing
Guide for Cloud Portability and Interoperability Pr ofiles
Purpose
•IEEE P2301 - Guide for Cloud Portability and Interop erability Profiles (CPIP).
•Working Group: CPWG/2301_WG - Cloud Profiles WG (CPWG) Working Group
•Sponsor: C/CCSC - Cloud Computing Standards Committe e
•Society: C - IEEE Computer Society
IEEE P2301 Working Group (Cloud Profiles)
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Purpose •The purpose of the guide is to assist cloud
computing vendors and users in developing,
building, and using standards-based cloud
computing products and services, which should
lead to increased portability, commonality, and
interoperability.
•Cloud Computing systems contain many
disparate elements.
•For each element there are often multiple
options, each with different externally visible
interfaces, file formats, and operational
conventions.
Scope
•The working group will develop the Guide for
Cloud Portability and Interoperability Profiles
(CPIP).
•The guide advises cloud computing ecosystem
participants (cloud vendors, service providers,
and users) of standards-based choices in areas
such as application interfaces, portability
interfaces, management interfaces,
interoperability interfaces, file formats, and
operation conventions.
•The guide groups these choices into multiple
logical profiles, which are organized to address
different cloud personalities.

131. IEEE Activities in Cloud Computing
Standard for Intercloud Interoperability and Federa tion
•IEEE P2302 - Standard for Intercloud Interoperabilit y and Federation (SIIF)
•Working Group: ICWG/2302_WG - Intercloud WG (ICWG) Working Group
•Sponsor: C/CCSC - Cloud Computing Standards Committe e
•Society: C - IEEE Computer Society
IEEE P2302 Working Group
(
Intercloud
)
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Purpose
•This standard creates an economy
amongst cloud providers that is
transparent to users and applications,
which provides for a dynamic
infrastructure that can support evolving
business models.
•In addition to the technical issues,
appropriate infrastructure for economic
audit and settlement must exist.
IEEE P2302 Working Group
(
Intercloud
)
Scope
•The working group will develop the
Standard for Intercloud Interoperability
and Federation (SIIF).
•This standard defines topology, functions,
and governance for cloud-to-cloud
interoperability and federation.
•Topological elements include clouds,
roots, exchanges (which mediate
governance between clouds), and
gateways (which mediate data exchange
between clouds).

132. IEEE Activities in Cloud Computing
Cloud Profile and Intercloud Implementation
The Cloud Profile is being designed to provide
AAn intuitive road map for application portability,
AManagement, and interoperability interfaces,
AFile formats and operating conventions.
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When completed—probably in 2014—the standard will h elp
AVendors,
AService providers,
AConsumers involved with every aspect of procuring, developing, building,
and using cloud computing.

133. IEEE Activities in Cloud Computing
Cloud Profile and Intercloud Implementation
The intercloudis defining:
AThe topology,
Aprotocols,
Afunctionality, and
A
governance required for cloud
-
to
-
cloud interoperability.
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A
governance required for cloud
-
to
-
cloud interoperability.
•In its title, “intercloud” refers to an interconnec ted mesh of clouds that
depend on open standards for their operation.
•“Federation” allows users to move their data across internal and external
clouds and access services running on other clouds according to the
business and application requirements.
•The standard is expected to roll out 2013.

134. Why Cloud Computing
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135. Cloud computing Characteristics
©Application Hosting
Use reliable, on-demand infrastructure to power you r applications, from hosted internal
applications to SaaS offerings.
©Backup and Storage
Store data and build dependable backup solutions using inexpensive data storage
services.
©Content Delivery
Quickly and easily distribute content to end users worldwide, with low costs and high
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source: AWS
Quickly and easily distribute content to end users worldwide, with low costs and high data transfer speeds.
©Web Hosting
Satisfy dynamic web hosting needs with scalable inf rastructure platform.
©Enterprise IT
Host internal- or external-facing IT applications in secure environment.
©Databases
Take advantage of a variety of scalable database so lutions, from hosted enterprise
database software or non-relational database soluti ons.

136. Cloud Computing Characteristics
©Agility, improves with users' ability to re-provision techno logical infrastructure
resources.
©Application programming interface (API) accessibility to software that enables
machines to interact with cloud software in the sam e way the user interface facilitates
interaction between humans and computers.
©Cost is to be reduced
©Device and location independenceenable users to access systems using a web
browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile
phone).
©
Virtualization technology
allows servers and storage devices to be shared and
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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©
Virtualization technology
allows servers and storage devices to be shared and
utilization be increased. Applications can be easil y migrated from one physical server
to another.
©Reliabilityis improved if multiple redundant sites are used, w hich makes well-
designed cloud computing suitable for business cont inuity and disaster recovery.
©Scalability and Elasticity via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a
fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, wi thout users having to engineer for
peak loads.
©Security, increased security-focused resources
©Performance is monitored, and consistent and loosely coupled architectures are
constructed using web services as the system interf ace.
©Maintenanceof cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to
be installed on each user's computer and can be acc essed from different places.

137. Cloud Development Models
•Private cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an
organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and
may exist on premise or off premise.
•Community cloud : The cloud infrastructure is shared by several
organizations and supports a specific community tha t has shared concerns
(e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance
considerations). It may be managed by the organizat ions or a third party
and may exist on premise or off premise.
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source: AWS
and may exist on premise or off premise.
•Public cloud : The cloud infrastructure is made available to the g eneral
public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling
cloud services.
•Hybrid cloud: The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more
clouds using different deployment models (private, community, public) that
remain unique entities but are bound together by st andardized or
proprietary technology that enables data and applic ation portability (e.g.,
cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).

138. Technical Benefits
©Automation– “Scriptable infrastructure”: You can create repeatable build
and deployment systems by leveraging programmable (API-driven)
infrastructure.
©Auto-scaling:You can scale your applications up and down to match your
unexpected demand without any human intervention.
©Proactive Scaling: Scale your application up and down to meet your
anticipated demand with proper planning understanding of your traffic
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source: AWS
anticipated demand with proper planning understanding of your traffic patterns so that you keep your costs low while scaling.
©More Efficient Development lifecycle: Production systems may be easily
cloned for use as development and test environments. Stagi ng
environments may be easily promoted to production.
©Improved Testability: Never run out of hardware for testing. Inject and
automate testing at every stage during the development p rocess.
©Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity: Take advantage of geo-
distribution and replicate the environment in other lo cation within minutes.
©“Overflow” the traffic to the cloud: With a few clicks and effective load
balancing tactics, you can create a complete overflow-proof application by
routing excess traffic to the cloud.

139. Business Benefits
©Almost zero upfront infrastructure investment
with utility-style cloud computing, there is no fix ed cost or startup cost
©Just-in-time Infrastructure
do not have to worry about pre-procuring capacity f or large-scale systems. This
increases agility, lowers risk and lowers operation al cost because you scale only as
you grow and only pay for what you use
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source: AWS
you grow and only pay for what you use
©More efficient resource utilization
can manage resources more effectively and efficient ly by having the applications
request and relinquish resources on-demand.
©Usage-based costing
can pass on the same flexible, variable usage-based cost structure to your own
customers
©Reduced time to market

140. Standards & Certification
©PCI DSS
PCI Data Security Standard as a shared host service provider .
©ISO 27001.
Certification of the Information Security Management S ystem (ISMS)
covering infrastructure, data centers, and services.
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source: AWS
covering infrastructure, data centers, and services.
©FISMA.
Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA). AWS has
been awarded an approval to operate at the FISMA-Low level. It has
also completed the control implementation and successfully p assed
the independent security testing and evaluation required to operate at
the FISMA-Moderate level.

141. Cloud Computing Players
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142. Cloud Computing Global Players
©Microsoft released its Office 365 that put the cloud computing market in
the mainstream sector.
©Office 365 is aimed for SMEs and small firms with a plan to optimize its
services for firms with a small employee base – ones with le ss than 25
users.
©
The product includes:
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source: Bedfordreport.com
©
The product includes:  Office Web Apps
 Exchange Online
 SharePoint Online
 Lync Online
for a reasonable cost – about $6 per user a month – that may increase the
cloud’s popularity to users with fewer funds .
©According to Bedford Report, this method will take the cloud mainstream.

143. ©Apple’s iCloud is the other key driving force in th e market.
©Last month Apple also released its cloud service, a complete suite
“that automatically allows Apple product users to store and retrieve
applications in the cloud.” This service is primaril y aimed for its
music store business where users can transfer their playlists to the
cloud; if they didn’t download it from iTunes, then they would be
Cloud Computing Global Players
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source: AWS
cloud; if they didn’t download it from iTunes, then they would be charged approximately $24.99 a year to use the service.
©iCloud and the cloud technology will replace the use of personal
computers and become the center of the users’ digital lives.
©Since every person has a number of devices such as computers,
laptops, tablets, phones, etc it would be difficult to rely on the
personal computer – the iCloud would be needed to sync everything.

144. Broad Overview of Alatum’s Cloud Service Offerings
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145. Cloud Computing Global Players
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source:

146. Cloud Computing Global Players
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147. Cloud Computing Global Players
•CHT hiCloud strength
–No.1 IDC in Taiwan
–Public IPaddress
–
Public cloud service
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–
Public cloud service
–The most stable Internet
environment
–Extensive submarine cables
–Private cloud can be
constructed by case
–hiCloud situated in Equinix
Singapore:
20 Ayer Rajah Crescent

148. Cloud Computing Global Players
IBM’s Smart Cloud Enterprise is an enterprise grade
infrastructure that allows our clients to deploy se cure
workloads anywhere in the world
Boulder
Raleigh
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Source:
VPN tunnel
(option)
SingaporeGermany
Canada
Japan
Private
VLAN
Local
Servers
Internet

149. Cloud Computing Global Players
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
IEEE – Cloud Computing IT Telkom
Source:

150. Cloud Computing Global Players
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source:

151. Cloud Computing Global Players
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Source:

152. ICT Indicators
Cloud Spending to Creating 14m Jobs
©Gartner’s latest quarterly IT
spending report: cloud
computing would create 14
million worldwide jobs
©The worldwide market for
public cloud services hit
$91 billion in 2011
.
© Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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$91 billion in 2011
.
©Expected to increase by
19% to $109 billion in
2012.
©Ed Anderson, Gartner cloud
forecaster further predicts
cloud computing to grow by
over 100% to be a $207
billion industry by 2016.
©In comparison the overall
global IT market is forecast
to grow at just 3%

153. So, Are We Ready,
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In today’s era of Tera ?

154. © Bandung -Indonesia 2012
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Thank you
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