Cluster B Personality Disorder.pptx

An overview of Cluster B Personality Disorder. This presentation discusses the criteria, causes, prevalence and interventions for each personality disorders.

1. CLUSTER B PERSONALITY DISORDERS Dramatic and Erratic Behavior/WILD CLUSTER

2. Cluster B

3. Antisocial personality disorder “I AM ENTITLED TO BREAK RULES”

4. Clinical Description They are often described as being aggressive because they take what they want, indifferent to the concerns of other people. Lying and cheating seem to be second nature to them Often they appear unable to tell the difference between the truth and the lies they make up to further their own goals. Clinical Description

5. ACID LIAR A DULT C RIMINALITY I MPULSIVITY D ISREGARD FOR SAFETY L YING/CHEATING I RRESPONSIBILITY A GGRESSION R EMORSELESSNESS Clinical Description

6. Clinical Description TIMEFRAME: OCCURRING SINCE AGE 15 and the individual is at least 18 years. CRITERIA NEEDED: Three (or more symptoms)

7. CONDUCT DISORDER Cluster B

8. What is Conduct disorder? CD (Conduct Disorder) is a DSM-5 diagnosis typically assigned to individuals under age 18 , who habitually violate the rights of others, and will not conform their behavior to the law or social norms appropriate for their age. Clinical Description

9. Clinical Description TIMEFRAME: Occurring in the past 12 months from any of the categories below with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months. CRITERIA NEEDED: Manifested by the presence of at least 3 of the following 15 criteria.

10. One classic study that followed 1,000 delinquent and nondelinquent boys over a 50-year period (Laub & Vaillant, 2000). The delinquent boys were more than twice as likely to die an unnatural death (for example, accident , suicide , or homicide ) Clinical Description

11. What causes Antisocial personality disorder? TED BUNDY INTERVIEW Etiology

12. What causes Antisocial personality disorder? Gene-Environment Interaction Gene-Environment Interaction tells us that the interactions between genes and environment shape human development. Epigenetics shows how environmental influences such as children experiences actually affect the expression of their genes. Etiology

13. What causes Antisocial personality disorder? Environment Trauma or abuse early in childhood increases the risk of developing ASPD later in life. People with an antisocial or alcoholic parent are at increased risk of developing ASPD. Children living in poverty are at increased risk for antisocial behavior, and a large portion of this risk appears to operate through chronic exposure to stressful events in daily life. Etiology

14. What causes Antisocial personality disorder? Genetic There may be some genetics factors that can predispose some individuals to develop ASPD. However, there is no one genetic factor that is thought to be responsible for the condition. The likelihood of an adult having antisocial personality disorder increases if, as a child, he or she had both conduct disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Biederman, Mick, Faraone, & Burback, 2001; Moffitt, Caspi, Rutter, & Silva, 2001). Etiology

15. What causes Antisocial personality disorder? Biology It has been shown that individuals with ASPD have reduced cortical thickness in regions like the superior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, and middle frontal gyrus, along with the insular cortex, precuneus, and triangularis. (Jiang 2016). The fearlessness, seeming insensitivity to punishment, and thrill seeking behaviors characteristic of those with antisocial personality disorder. Etiology

16. What causes Antisocial personality disorder? Lifestyle About half of people with ASPD also have problems with drug or alcohol abuse. Etiology

17. psychoanalysis A ccording to Freudian theory , as someone with uncontrolled or dominant ID, the person is likely to become uncontrollable, impulsive, and possibly criminal. If t he ID dominates the whole personality, namely the ego and superego, then an antisocial personality likely emerges. Etiology

18. Prevalence of ASPD

19. Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminality CLUSTER B

20. In a classic prospective, longitudinal study, White, Moffitt, and Silva (1989) followed almost 1,000 children, beginning at age 5, to see what predicted antisocial behavior at age 15. Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminality

21. Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminality

22. What distinguished these two groups? Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminality

23. Are all people diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorders criminal? RAMIREZ INTERVIEW Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminality

24. Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminality

25. Intervention One of the major problems with treating people in this group is typical of numerous personality disorders: They rarely identify themselves as needing treatment. Intervention

26. Intervention Clinicians encourage identification of high-risk children so that treatment can be attempted before they become adults (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2010; Thomas, 2009). Intervention

27. Borderline Personality Disorder “I deserve to be punished”

28. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, They also tend to show impulsive and dangerous behaviors, such as reckless driving and threatening self-harm. All of these behaviors make it difficult for them to maintain relationships. Clinical Description

29. I DESPAIR I DENTITY D YSPHORIA E MOTIONAL INSTABILITY S ELF HARM/SUICIDE P SYCHOTIC/DISSOCIATIVE A NGER/HOSTILITY I MPULSIVITY R ELATIONSHIP Clinical Description

30. Clinical Description TIMEFRAME: Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. CRITERIA NEEDED: Five (or more symptoms)

31. What causes Borderline Personality Disorder? Environmental: Childhood abuse and trauma Up to 70% of people with BPD have experienced sexual, emotional or physical abuse as a child. Maternal separation, poor maternal attachment, inappropriate family boundaries and parental substance use disorder are also associated with BPD. Etiology

32. What causes Borderline Personality Disorder? Genetics Although anyone can develop BPD, it’s more common if you have a family history of BPD. People with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety , depression or eating disorders , are also at higher risk. Etiology

33. What causes Borderline Personality Disorder? Biological In people with BPD, the parts of their brain that control emotion and behavior don’t communicate properly. These problems affect the way their brain works. Etiology

34. Prevalence

35. comorbidity People with borderline personality disorder often have other mental health conditions, including: Mood disorders (80% to 96% of people with BPD). Anxiety disorders (88%). Substance use disorder (64%). Eating disorders (53%). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (10% to 30%). Bipolar disorder (15%). Somatoform disorders (10%). If they have a co-existing condition, they’ll also need treatment for it.

36. intervention Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): DBT focuses on helping you accept the reality of your life and your behaviors, as well as helping you learn to change your life, including unhelpful behaviors. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Intervention

37. Histrionic Personality Disorder “People are there to serve or admire me”

38. Clinical Description Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a mental health condition marked by intense, unstable emotions and a distorted self-image. The word “histrionic” means “dramatic or theatrical.” Clinical Description

39. TIMEFRAME: Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. Criteria needed : five or more

40. What causes Histrionic Personality Disorder? Genetics Histrionic personality disorder tends to run in families, so scientists think there may be a genetic (inherited) link. A family history of personality disorders, anxiety, or depression. Etiology

41. What causes Histrionic Personality Disorder? Environmental: Childhood abuse and trauma Children may cope with trauma, such as child abuse or the death of a family member, that later as an adult may be disruptive or problematic in their life and become part of a personality disorder. Etiology

42. What causes Histrionic Personality Disorder? Environmental: Parenting Styles Children who experience parenting styles that lack boundaries, are over-indulgent or inconsistent may be more likely to develop histrionic personality disorder. In addition, parents who display dramatic, erratic, volatile or inappropriate sexual behavior put their children at risk for developing this condition. Etiology

43. What causes Histrionic Personality Disorder? Environmental: Learned Behaviors Being rewarded for attention seeking behavior as a child A lack of criticism or punishment as a child Unpredictable attention from your parents Learning behaviors from a parent or caregiver with histrionic personality disorder Etiology

44. Prevalence

45. The term was used in court during the testimony of Shannon Curry , PsyD, a clinical and forensic psychologist in California and Hawaii

46. Intervention In most cases, people with histrionic personality disorder (HPD) don’t believe their behaviors are problematic. They also tend to exaggerate their feelings and dislike routine, which makes following a treatment plan difficult.

47. Intervention Some intervention techniques that can be use to treat HPD are Group therapy, Psychodynamic psychotherapy and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). While there’s currently no medication that can treat personality disorders, there is medication for depression and anxiety, which people with histrionic personality disorder may also have. Treating these conditions can make it easier to treat histrionic personality disorder.

48. Narcissistic Personality Disorder “Since I am special, I deserve special rules”

49. He spent his days admiring his own image reflected in a pool of water.

50. Clinical Description People with narcissistic personality disorder have an unreasonable sense of self-importance and are so preoccupied with themselves that they lack sensitivity and compassion for other people (Caligor, Levy, & Yeomans, 2015; Ronningstam, 2012).

51. TIMEFRAME: Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts Criteria needed: five or more

52. What causes Narcissistic Personality Disorder? The exact cause of NPD is not known. The disorder may result from a combination of factors that include Childhood trauma (such as physical, sexual and verbal abuse). Genetics (family history).

53. What causes Histrionic Personality Disorder? Environmental P arent-child relationships with either too much adoration or too much criticism that don't match the child's actual experiences and achievements. Etiology

54. What causes Histrionic Personality Disorder? Psychoanalytic S ome writers, including Kohut (1971, 1977), believe that narcissistic personality disorder arises largely from a profound failure by the parents of modeling empathy early in a child’s development. As a consequence, the child remains fixated at a self centered, grandiose stage of development. Etiology

55. Can I take a test to see if I have narcissistic traits? These tests give you a better insight into how you think and feel. Tests include: Personality diagnostic questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4). Millon clinical multiaxial inventory III (MCMI-III). International personality disorder examination (IPDE). Etiology

56. Prevalence

57. Intervention When therapy is attempted with these individuals, it often focuses on their grandiosity, their hypersensitivity to evaluation, and their lack of empathy toward others (Campbell & Miller, 2011; Beck et al., 2007).

58. Intervention Cognitive therapy strives to replace their fantasies with a focus on the day-to-day pleasurable experiences that are truly attainable. Coping strategies such as relaxation training are used to help them face and accept criticism.

59. ASPD https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/what-is-epigenetics-and-how-does-it-relate-to-child-development/ https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/deep-dives/gene-environment-interaction/#:~:text=Science%20tells%20us%20that%20the,some%20are%20expressed%20at%20all . https://www.lakeforest.edu/news/the-ventromedial-prefrontal-cortex/orbitofrontal-cortex-insights-into-emotional-dysregulation-and-impulsivity-in-aspd

60. BPD https://div12.org/case_study/mary-borderline-personality-disorder/ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9762-borderline-personality-disorder-bpd

61. Hpd and narcissistic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9742-narcissistic-personality-disorder https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9743-histrionic-personality-disorder