Cng ppt

compressed natural gas

1. COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS SHIVAM KUMAR

2. CONTENTS Preparation Importance Advantages Disadvantages Solutions Effects Comparison with LNG Comparison with HCNG Conclusion

3. CNG –compressed natural gas It is substitute fossil fuel for DIESEL,PETROL,PROPANE CNG FUEL

4. Logos of cng

5. Preparation It is made by compressing the natural gas (composed of methane) to less than 1% of the volume at stnd. atmospheric pressure. It is stored in hard cylindrical containers at a pressure of 200-280 bars.

6. AVAILABILITY OF CNG The world's largest gas field is the offshore Gas-Condensate field, shared between Iran and Qatar. It is estimated to have 51 trillion cubic meters of natural gas and 50 billion barrels of natural gas condensates. The areas which are high in natural gas availability in India are mostly the Western offshore area. However, the other major production areas for natural gas are the on-shore fields in Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat States. Natural gas in comparatively lesser amount is also produced in the states of Tripura, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan States. 19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 7

7. Conti… CONSTITUENT PERCENTAGE LIMIT Methane 90% Maximum Ethane Content 4% Maximum Propane Content 1.7% Maximum C 4 and Higher 0.7% Maximum C 6 and Higher 0.2% Maximum CO 2 + N 2 0.2% Maximum Hydrogen 0.1% Maximum Carbon Monoxide 0.1% Maximum Oxygen 0.5% Maximum Sulfur 10 ppm Maximum 19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 8

8. Importance It is cheap than other fuels It is dispersed quickly when released It is lighter than air It releases less carbon into the atm.

9. Why use cng engine : - An engine running on petrol for 100 km emits 22,000 grams of CO 2 , for same distance on CNG emits only 16,275 grams of CO 2 .. It burns with oxygen to produce 1 mole of CO 2 and 2 moles of H 2 O. By comparison, petrol is essentially C 6 H 6 with a c.v. of 3,300 kJ/mol and this burns to produce 6 moles of CO 2 and 3 moles of H 2 O. So it gives less pollution .

10. The CNG Engine The CNG engine uses a second fuel tank which has to be attached to the car, and is usually placed in the trunk (or other place where there is suitable room). This tank is usually very large, as it has to keep the gas used compressed. The amount of pressure may vary from engine to engine, but it is usually compressed to around 3,600 pounds per square inch. The driver can then decide which of the fuels they wish to use by simply pressing a switch on the dashboard. This means that the car can alternate between the different tanks, drawing fuel from either.

11. CNG ENGINE

12. How the CNG Engine Powers the Car Once the driver selects the CNG tank, the compressed gas in the tank is pulled through a series of highly pressurized lines until it reaches the regulator. Inside the regulator, the pressure on the gas is lessened until it matches the amount needed by the fuel injection system of the car's engine. Once the gas has reached an acceptable pressure, the solenoid valve allows the gas to move into the fuel injection system and from there into the engine. Just as with gasoline, once the engine has received the gas, it is ignited in the combustion chamber, and this provides the energy to power the car forward

13. Working of CNG

14. Daily Use The fuel is taken from a pump in exactly the same way as one which uses ordinary gas or diesel fuel. CNG may be harder to find than regular gas. One solution which many owners of a CNG engine use is to build a home gas pump station, which allows their tanks to be filled overnight.

15. Combustion and Emissions 130 Octane rating- 130 12.5:1 Fuel-air ratio- 12.5:1 Emissions reduction based on Gasoline Engines NO x by 30-60% CO by 60-70% CO 2 by 25% NMHC 50-75%

16. COMPARISION OF PROPERTIES OF CNG WITH GASOLINE 19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 18

17. Comparison of prices Type of fuel Price in RS./kg petrol 61.20 diesel 44.95 CNG 38.15

18. MAINTENANCE Proper training is required for all maintenance personnel working on CNG vehicles. The oil in a CNG vehicle does not need to be changed as frequently because CNG burns more cleanly than gasoline , producing less deposits in the oil .

19. 1)- CNG is used in many vehicles like bikes and cars . 2)- It is also used in commercial vehicles like light duty truck and medium duty truck like vans and postal vehicles and school buses . USES

20. Cng cars In cars Several manufacturers (Fiat, Opel (General Motors), Peugeot, Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda and others) sell bi-fuel cars. In 2006, “Fiat” introduced the “Siena” Tetra fuel car in the Brazilian market , equipped with a 1.4L FIRE engine that runs on E100, E25 (Standard Brazilian Gasoline), Gasoline and CNG.

21. Cng locomotives “The Napa Valley Wine Train” successfully retrofit a diesel locomotive to run on compressed natural gas before 2002. it’s first locomotive “Ferrocarril Central Andino” in Peru, has run a CNG Locomotive on a freight line since 2005.

22. Cng bikes Argentinian company Zanella has launched a CNG powered bike. This is the first bike in the world to come with a factory fitted CNG power. in India Bajaj Auto has recently launched its first CNG motorcycle “Bajaj RE CNG Auto 4 stroke”.

23. Argentinian company Zanella  RX-150 model

24. FIRST CNG CAR

25. Advantages Environment Friendly . Low maintenance cost than other vehicles Increases the life of lubricating oils It mixes easily and evenly in air Engine Life Improves Less pollution and more efficiency. It is cheaper than petrol and diesel.

26. Environmental Impact It is Greenar fuel. Releases lesser G reenhouse Gas. More clean alternative to other fuel like gasoline. Reducing Noise pollution.

27. DISADVANTAGES CNG tank require high storage space. CNG made engine vehicles are costly more than other fuel engine of the same car .

28. CNG filling stations have limited availability as compare to gasoline. CNG engine Is low power engine than the gasoline engine.

29. Solutions Install the tanks under the body of the vehicle, leaving the trunk free Eg. Fiat multipla, Volkswagen Touran Ecofuel, Volkswagen Caddy Ecofuel. Installation of tanks on the roof (typical on buses).

30. Comparison with lng CNG LNG CNG is stored at high pressure as a gas. It has lower cost of production storage CNG requires a much larger volume to store the same mass of gasoline or petrol and the use of very high pressures nearly 3000 to 4000 psi, (or) 205 to 275 bar. LNG is stored at very low temperature as a liquid. It has higher cost of production and storage LNG is often used for transporting natural gas over large distances, in ships, trains or pipelines, and the gas is then converted into CNG.

31. conclusion Due to this above reasons CNG most useful for vehicles as a fuel to reduce the pollution and it is cheap than other fuels like petrol and diesel. CNG is at attractive for this reasons- 1. Clean. 2 . Safe and available technology. 3 . It is the only fuel Cheaper than gasoline or diesel. 4. It has produce lower air pollution

32. THANKS… 19/03/2014 40 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG