Cns stimulants

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1. By :-Saja Al-Rikabi
Group:-117 i-6

2. CNS stimulants are drugs which increase
the muscular (motor) and the mental
(sensory) activities
Their effects vary from the increase in the
alertness and wakefulness (as with
caffeine) TO the production of convulsion
( as with strychnine) or death due to over
stimulation

3. Drugs that stimulate a specific area of the
brain or spinal cord
Heart rate
Resiprotary rare
Sympathomimetic drugs

4. According to:
•Structural similarities
or
•Site of therapeutic action in the central
nervous system (CNS)
or
•Major therapeutic usages

5. Mechanism of action

7. Analeptic Stimulants
–Respiratory Stimulants
–Convulsants
Psychomotor Stimulant
–Sympathomimetics or Adrenergic CNS
Stimulants
Methylxanthines

8. Analeptics
–Reversal of anesthesia-induced respiratory depression
Anorexiants
–Thought to suppress the appetite control center in the brain
ADHD
–Stimulate the areas in the brain responsible for mental
alertness and attentiveness
Narcolepsy
–Increase mental alertness
Migraine headaches
–Caffeine, co-administered with other drugs, used to treat
headaches

9. Wide range, dose related
Tend to “speed up” body systems
Common adverse effects include:
–Palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, angina,
dysrhythmias, nervousness, restlessness, anxiety,
insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth,
increased urinary frequency, others

10. Analeptic
Ananaleptic, inmedicine, is acentral nervous
systemstimulant. The termanaleptictypically
refers to respiratory analeptics (for
example,doxapram). Analeptics are central
nervous system stimulants that include a wide
variety of medications used to treat depression,
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
andrespiratory depression. Analeptics can also
be used asconvulsants, with low doses causing
patients to experience heightened awareness,
restlessness andrapid breathing.

11. Medical use
•used to increase the speed of recovery
frompropofol,remifentanil, andsevoflurane. In
clinical settings, analeptics such
asDoxapramhave been used to help patients
recover from anesthesia better, as well as
removing some of the potential negative side
effects of potent anesthetics.
Anesthesia
recovery
•three most prevalent clinical analeptic uses of
caffeine are in the treatment ofasthma,apnea
of prematurity, andbronchopulmonary
dysplasiain newborn infants.Caffeineis a
weakbronchodilator, which explains the relief
of the effects of asthma.
Respiratory
distress
management

12. Side effect of analeptic
Sweating
Nausea
Vomiting
Urinary retention and musclespasticity
Diarrhea

13. •Doxapram -used to counteract postanesthetic
respiratory depression and for acute
hypercapnia in chronic pulmonary disease.
–Used with caution with neonatal apnea
–Administered IV
–Onset of action: within 20-40 secs
–SE: (overdose)
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Trembling
convulsions

14. Migraine headaches-characterized by a
unilateral throbbing head
pain, accompanied by N/V and
photophobia
Cluster headaches-characterized by
severe unilateral nonthrobbing pain
usually located around the eye. Usually
not associated with N/V

15. Thank you for your attention