Coastal hazards and it's impact on environment

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1. Government model science college jabalpur Class :- m.s.c.4 th SEMESTER Subject:- Environmental geology Coastal hazards Submitted by submitted to Harshit Lodhi dr. Sanjay tignath sir

2. Introduction Costal hazards Definition Coastal hazards are physical phenomena that expose a coastal area to the risk of property damage, loss of life, and environmental degradation. Rapid-onset hazards last a few minutes to several days and encompass significant cyclones accompanied by high-speed winds, waves, and surges or tsunamis created by submarine (undersea) earthquakes and landslides. Slow-onset hazards, such as erosion and gradual inundation, develop incrementally over extended periods

3. Introduction Since early civilization, coastal areas have been attractive settling grounds for humans as they provide abundant marine resources, fertile agricultural land, and possibilities for trade and transport. This has led to high population densities and high levels of development in many coastal areas, with this trend continuing into the 21st century. About 1.2 billion people live in coastal areas globally, predicted to increase to 1.8–5.2 billion by the 2080s due to population growth and coastal migration.

4. Causes of coastal hazards Two types of this hazards Natural disaster Human disaster Natural disasters are events that are out of human control and are usually caused by weather. Such disasters include but are not limited to; storms, tsunamis, typhoons, flooding, tides, waterspouts, nor'easters, and storm surges.

5. Human disasters are disasters that occur partially or fully due to human behavior, such as pollution, trawling, and human development.Hazardous events in coastal areas affect millions of people. Around ten million people globally are affected by coastal problems yearly, with most of these due to certain natural hazards like coastal flooding with storm surges and typhoons. Human disaster Human disasters are disasters that occur partially or fully due to human behavior, such as pollution, trawling, and human development. Hazardous events in coastal areas affect millions of people. Around ten million people globally are affected by coastal problems yearly, with most of these due to certain natural hazards like coastal flooding with storm surges and typhoons.

6. The South Indian Chennai Floods of 2015, which affected many people, is an example of flooding due to cyclones. People across the whole state of Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh were affected by these floods. There was a loss of Rs 14,000 crore and over 500 lives. Cyclone ( चक्रवात )

7. Costal flooding Coastal flooding occurs when dry and low-lying land is submerged (flooded) by seawater . The range of a coastal flooding is a result of the elevation of floodwater that penetrates the inland which is controlled by the topography of the coastal land exposed to flooding.

8. Increasing sea level Between 1901 and 2018, mean global sea level rose 15–25 cm (6–10 in), an average of 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) per year. [14] Over the decade 2013–2022, this rate increased to 4.62 mm (0.182 in)/year. [15] Climate change due to human activities is the main reason for this. [16] : 5, 8  Between 1993 and 2018, thermal expansion of water is responsible for 42% of sea level rise. Temperate glaciers account for 21% of the melting, while polar glaciers in Greenland account for 15% and Antarctica's glaciers account for 8%.

9. Pollution, trawling, and human development are major human disasters that affect coastal regions. There are two main categories related to pollution, point source pollution, and nonpoint source pollution. Point source pollution is when there is an exact location such as a pipeline or a body of water that leads into the rivers and oceans. Known dumping into the ocean is also another point source of pollution. Nonpoint source pollution pertains more to fertilizer runoff, and industrial waste.  Pollution, trawling ,human development

10. Maintaining the functional integrity of coastal resource systems, without disrupting the environment Minimizing resource-use conflicts by ensuring that resources are used adequately and sustainably, Maintaining the health of the environment, which means protecting ecosystems and natural cycles, Facilitating the progress of multidomain development, which means allowing developers to develop within standards. Integrated Coastal Zone Management

11. तटीय खतरों को रोकने के उपाय तटों को सुव्यवस्थित तट बंधन की व्यवस्था होनी चाहिए बाढ़ आने से पहले उस की सूचना सभी लोगों को जानकारी होनी चाहिए ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के लिए जागरूक और उसके रोकथाम के उपाय करना चाहिए जहाँ बाढ़ आने की