Code Switching^J mixing and borrowing.pptx

Code mixing and switching and borrowing

1. CODE SWITCHING/MIXING AND BORROWING

2. Points to be discussed Common Examples of CS Introduction Types of CS CS Definition/types CM Definition/Types Code mixing: Situations Difference between CS and CM Borrowing Causes of borrowing Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION It is the use of more than one language, variety, or style by speaker within an utterance or discourse, or between different interlocutors or situations. Switching of the code usually occurs when there is more than one language in communication (usually happens in bi/multilingual environment). The speaker uses his or her ability in another language, style, dialect on different occasions. Code switching and code mixing is the phenomenon of code choice.

4. TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING Inter sentential CS—It occurs between clause or sentence boundary, where each clause or sentence is in one language or another. For example: Me tu yahan hoon . What happened? (U> E) I can explain it to you. Kia ap ko mari baat ke samaj ai hai ? (E>U)

5. TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING (CON) Intrasentential CS --It occurs inside the same clause or sentence and contains elements of both languages. The blending of syntax and morphology of both languages are used by bilinguals with high levels of fluency. Example: Roznama Express Peshawar ka lia assistant page maker ki zarorat hai ( It can also be called inter lexical code mixing) Tag switching. It is simply the insertion of a tag in one language in an utterance which is entirely in the other language, e.g. Uski tajweez achi hai . Isn’t it?

6. CODE MIXING- DEFINITION/TYPES Code-mixing refers to any admixture of linguistic elements of two or more language systems in the same utterance. It has following types : (1) phonological (Fatigue> fatik , strawberry> stoberi (2) lexical ( dokan ka lia saleman darkar hai ) (3) grammatical (changing the category of words)

7. CODE MIXING: SITUATIONS Talking about a particular topic Quoting somebody else, (quotation) Being emphatic about something, (main na kitni dafa ya baat repeat ki , ap must ain?) Inserting sentence fillers (interjection) - Shit yar! Repetition for the sake of clarification, ( samaj agai ?…. understand) Expressing group identity (Islamabad united, Lahore Qalandar s)

8. CODE MIXING: SITUATIONS softening/strengthening request, ( please , mara kam kar lain) excluding other people (when a comment is intended for only a limited audience) real lexical need ( when a speaker is at a loss to find a word in lang A ) code mixing is found mainly in informal interactions ( people feel free in informal sit) . In formal situation, it occurs only as a matter of necessity)

9. CODE SWITICHING AND CODE MIXING Emphasis on switching Usually occurs at sentence or clause , or discourse level no adaptation or integration of words Is done intentionally because speakers want to express themselves with a personal style or flavor Emphasis on hybridization Occurs at phrase or word level or within a word process of code mixing is conceived as borrowing. unintentionally simply because they don't know the correct word or phrase .

10. BORROWING Borrowing is a word adopted from another language completely or partially naturalized. The language from which a word/s has been borrowed will be called the donor language, and the language into which it has been borrowed is the recipient language. For example : Television: Tele from GREEK (Far off) Visio from LATIN (to see) Pizza from ITALY Hamburger from GERMAN Borrowing occurs through oral speech or in written ( through books)

11. CAUSES OF BORROWING When speakers of one language fall under the influence of another language because there is something more “attractive” about that language – the attraction largely being associated with the higher prestige. ( for example in Pakistan English Language is a symbol of high prestige) Is a consequence of cultural contact between two language communities ( Urdu lashkari zaban ) A borrowing word may be partly or fully naturalized in the receiving language.

12. CONCLUSIONS Language is a social phenomenon and code switching and mixing occurs both in monolingual speech communities where people use different varieties of the same language. Moreover, it also occurs in bi/multilingual communities where two languages are code switched or mixed. The process of code switching and mixing occurs both within the sentence or between sentences in a single conversation or discourse. Lastly, languages borrow words from other languages as a result of social prestige or cultural contact. A borrowed word may be fully naturalised or partly naturalized with some modification in its form or sound.

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