Cognitive behaviour therapy

cognitive behaviour therapy

1. Neelam Thapa Roll no. 30 COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY

2. CONTENT Introduction Definition Fundamental assumption Duration of cognitive therapy Indications Techniques of cognitive behaviour therapy Therapy Process

3. INTRODUCTION Cognitive therapy is a relatively new mode of short-term psychotherapy. It is d eveloped for treatment of depression and anxiety is now widely applied to a broad range of mental disorders. It is based on the premise that our moods and feelings are influenced by our thoughts .

4. To improve patient’s abilities to function in the world By correcting the distorted ways of thinking the cognitive therapist restructures patients views of themselves, the world, and future. More realistic thoughts are substituted to reduce painful feelings such as anxiety, guilt, and hopelessness.

5. DEFIFNITION Cognitive therapy is a psychotherapy approach based on the idea that behaviour is secondary to thinking .

6. Fundamental Assumptions It is based on the premise that the way a person perceives an event rather than the event itself, determines its relevance and the response to it. It is time limited, attempting to cause change rapidly and often within an established tine frame. Therapeutic change can be effected through an alteration of idiopathic, dysfunctional modes of thinking, leading to cognitive change. .

7. These therapies are based on the belief that patient’s are the architects of their own misfortune and have control over their thoughts and actions. They also help the patient learn something about the process of therapy and develop therapeutic skills applicable to other problems .

8. It aims at altering the cognitions for effecting a change in behaviour. It implies that all psychiatric disorders have some amount of cognition and an improvement in this enhances the patient’s recovery

9. Duration of cognitive therapy Atypical cognitive therapy schedule consist of about 15 visits over a three month period.

10. Indications Depression Anxiety disorder Panic disorder Phobias Anticipatory anxiety For teaching problem solving methods some centres also use cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for management of psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucination.

11. Techniques of cognitive behaviour therapy There are four main groups of cognitive techniques. They are the following: Techniques for stopping intrusive cognitions Techniques to counterbalance faulty cognitions Techniques for altering cognitions Techniques to resolve problem directly

12. Techniques for stopping intrusive cognitions These methods aims at stopping intruding thoughts through distraction . Alteration is directed to another mental act like doing mental arithmetic or copying a figure.

13. ii ) Techniques to counterbalance faulty cognitions These involves counterbalancing intruding cognitions and the emotions provoked by them with another thought. eg . When an anxious patient with chest pain becomes apprehensive thinking that he has a heart problem; he may be trained to think it is only muscular pain and does not relate to the heart

14. iii ) Techniques for altering cognitions These are aimed at changing the nature of cognitions. The patient is helped to identify “maladaptive cognitions” and their “logical errors”.

15. Some errors which are not mutually exclusive and which occur in depression are given below: Faulty inference Overgeneralization Magnification or minimization Unrealistic assumptions

16. 3) Techniques to resolve problems directly These involves several steps and consist of: Defining the problem more clearly. Dividing it into small sub-problem which can be better managed. Finding out alternate methods of solving each problems

17. Considering the merits and demerits of each method and Selecting one method which is the most advantageous at their instance

18. Therapy process Therapy is result oriented and defines goals so that progress towards them can be monitored. The therapist is a coach and teacher for the patients learning new skills. Therapist may help the patient identify situations in which thoughts and actions occur and then assist with the development of alternatives. Its overall goal is to i ncrease self-efficacy or proficiency and sense of control over the patient must participate actively and be committed to the decision for change. The patient-therapist interaction is a goal oriented collaborative partnership with a beginning middle and on end.

19. summary