Cognitive Devel...........-WPS Office.pptx

Child development

1. Cognitive Development: The Theory of Jean Piaget G r o u p 2

2. Objectives A t t h e e n d o f t h i s p r e sentation all S t u dents will be able to : D e f i n e c o g n i tive a n d c o gnitive development . Explai n the theory of J e a n P i a g et . E x plain t h e s t a g es of d e velopment acc o r ding t o t h e t h eory of Jean Piaget .

3. I n t r o d u c t ion Cognition refers to thinking and memory processes cognitive developme nt refers to long-term changes in these processes. One of the most widely known perspectives about cognitive development is the cognitive stage theory of a Swiss psychologist named Jean Piaget. Piaget created and studied an account of how children and youth gradually become able to think logically and scientifically

4. S t a g e s o f c h i r l d d e velopment Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive framework for understanding how children develop intellectually throughout their childhood. Piaget proposed that children move through four distinct stages of cognitive development, each characterized by different abilities and ways of thinking. Here’s an overview of the stages:

5. 1 . Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years) Key Characteristics: Infants learn about the world through their senses and actions (e.g., looking, touching, sucking). Key Developments : Object permanence (understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched).

6. 2 . Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years) Key Characteristics : Ch ildren begin to think symbolically and use words and pictures to represent objects. However, they lack the ability to perform operations, which are reversible mental processes. Key Developments : Egocentrism (difficulty in seeing the world from others’ perspectives), centration (focus on one aspect of a situation while ignoring others), and the beginning of intuitive thinking.

7. 3 . Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years) Key Characteristics: Children start to think logically a bout concrete events. They gain a better understanding of the concept of conservation (the idea that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance). Key Developmen ts: Decentration (considering multiple aspects of a situation), reversibility (understanding that objects can be changed and then returned to their original form), and the ability to classify objects according to several features

8. 4 . Formal Operational Stage (12 years and up) Key Characteristic s: Adolescents develop the ability to think about abstract concepts. They can perform hypothetical-deductive reasoning (systematically solving problems and thinking about possibilities). Key Developments: Abstract thinking, problem-solving, and the ability to systematically plan for the future

9. C o n c l usion Piaget believed that children actively construct their understanding of the world as they grow, through processes he called assimilation (integrating new information into existing schemas) and accommodation (altering existing schemas in light of new information). His theory emphasizes that cognitive development is not a smooth, continuous process, but rather a series of stages marked by qualitative differences in thinking.

10. R e f erence Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence in Children. New York: International Universities Press. Piaget, J. (1977). The Development of Thought: Equilibration of Cognitive Structures. New York: Viking Press. Wadsworth, B. J. (2004). Piaget's Theory of Cognitive and Affective Development. Boston: Allyn & Bacon

11. P a r t i c ipants S a l m a Mponda A r a f a M k o m a A s s h u r a S h a b a n i G o d l i s t e n S h i r i m a A b d u k a r i m u S h o m v i J a m i l a M a n s o u r