Cognitive Development of Pre-schoolers

This was my classmate's ppt presentation during their report.

1. Module 16 By: F ullero , John moore B orlagdatan , A lmira Cognitive Development of Preschoolers

2. Preschoolers S ymbolic and Intuitive T hinking Symbolic sub stage – preschool children show progress in their cognitive abilities by being able to draw objects that are not present, by their dramatic increase in their language and make-believe play. Intuitive sub stage – preschool children begin to use primitive reasoning and ask a litany of questions. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: F ullero , John moore Borlagdatan , A lmira slide 2 0f 18

3. B rain C onnections in the Preschool Y ears Brain research has also pointed out the crucial role of the environment. Experts have shown specific areas of brain activity that respond to environmental stimulation. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: F ullero , John moore Borlagdatan , A lmira slide 3 of 18

4. L anguage D evelopment Module 16 Topic : Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero , John moore Borlagdatan , A lmira slide 4 of 18 Children language development becomes increasingly complex in the four main areas; Phonology Semantics Syntax Pragmatics Fast mapping-a process by which children absorb the new meaning of the word after hearing it once or twice in conversation.

5. L anguage and Social I nteraction Vygotsky believed that young children use language both to communicate socially and to plan, guide, and monitor their behavior in a self regulatory fashion- inner speech or private speech. Vygotsky introduced the term of Zone of Proximal Development – refer to a tasks too difficult for a child to master alone but can be mastered with the guidance of adults or more skilled children. ZPD captures the preschooler children’s cognitive skills that are in the process of maturing. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: F ullero , John moore Borlagdatan , A lmira slide 5 of 18

6. I nformation P rocessing Theory- Attention and Memory Information processing model- is another way of examining and understanding how children develop cognitively. It conceptualizes children’s mental process through the metaphor of a computer processing, encoding, storing, and decoding data. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: F ullero , J ohn moore Borlagdatan , Almira slide 6 of 18

7. T he Y oung C hildren’s T heory of Mind Theory of mind- refers to the individuals thoughts how about mental processes work. - It includes awareness of one’s own thought processes, social cognition , understanding that people can hold false beliefs, ability to deceive, to distinguish appearance from reality and ability to distinguish fantasy from reality. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero , John moore Borlagdatan , A lmira slide 7 of 18

8. A Q uick L ook of what Preschoolers can do Receptive language (3-5 years old) Standards 1: The child is able to understand both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. Pre-math (Matching) Standards 1.1: The child is able to match identical objects , colors, shapes, symbols. Pre-reading and Pre-math (copying letters and numbers) Standards 1.2: The child is able to recite the alphabet and numbers in sequence. Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero , John moore Borlagdatan , A lmira slide 8 of 18

9. D omain: Cognitive D evelopment Attention and activity level (4-5/5-6 years old) Standards 1: The child is able to sustain attention and modulate his activity at age-expected levels. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero , J ohn moore Borlagdatan, A lmira slide 9 of 18

10. H igh ordered Mental A bilities (concept formation) Standards 1: The child develops basic concepts pertaining to object constancy, space, time quantity, seriation, etc. and uses these as the basis for understanding how materials are categorized in his/her environment . Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero John moore Borlagdatan A lmira slide 10 of 18

11. H igh Ordered Mental Abilities (cause and effect relationship) (3-4 years old) Standards 1: The child is able to understand the cause-effect relationships MEMORY: (EPISODIC MEMORY) (2-3 years old) Standards 1: The child is able to recall people he has met, events, and places he has been to. MEMORY: (MEMORY FOR CONCEPT-BASED KNOWLEDGE SEMANTIC MEMORY) (3-6 years old) Standards: The child is able to store verbal information in short and long- term memory. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero John moore slide 11 of 18 Borlagdatan Almira

12. Higher-Ordered M ental A bilities (logical reasoning ) Standards 1: The child is able to follow the logic of events and draw accurate conclusion by evaluating the facts presented to him . Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero John moore Borlagdatan A lmira slide 12 of 18

13. Higher-Ordered M ental A bilities (planning and organizing) (3-5 years old) Standards 1: The child is able to plan and organize a simple, familiar activity. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero John moore Borlagdatan A lmira slide 13 of 18

14. High-Ordered M ental A bilities (creative thoughts ) (3-6 years old) Standards 1: The child is able to generate new ideas or concepts or new associations between existing ideas or concepts Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero John moore Borlagdatan A lmira slide 14 of 18

15. Higher-Ordered M ental A bilities (cognitive flexibility ) (2-3 years old) Standard 1: The child is able to shift to more adaptive cognitive processing strategies in order to effectively deal with new and unexpected conditions in his/her environment; including problem Standards situations . Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero John moore Borlagdatan A lmira slide 15 of 18

16. Below are some practices that help develop the cognitive skills pf preschoolers. For three-years old: Speak with children as often as possible. Add new information to your children’s sentences. Teach children to memorize first and last names. Provide books for children to read, and read the same books to them. Encourage interest in reading and writing by sharing a grocery list or notes for parents. Count objects of interest. Explain why and how things happen with the help of a reference book. Provide sets- toys and other objects that go together. Sing simple toys. For four years old: 1)Read aloud each day and encourage children to look at books on their own. 2)Say nursery rhymes and finger plays together. 3)Encourage in writing and words. 4)Teach important number and space concepts. 5)Teach children the correct use of the telephone 6)Encourage 4- years old to help you plan and plant a garden. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero J ohn moore slide 16 of 18 Borlagdatan A lmira

17. For five years old: Add drama to your reading sessions each day by using different voices for different characters. Ask 5- year olds to tell you a story. Ask “what if “ questions. Involve children in writing “ thank you “ notes. Give opportunities to sort, group, match, count, and sequence in real life situations. Take questions seriously. Five- years old children will show an increasing interest in numbers. Encourage interest in jokes , nonsense, and riddles by reading humorous stories. Give opportunities to express dramatic and creative interest. Module 16 Topic: Cognitive Development of Preschoolers By: Fullero John moore Borlagdatan A lmira slide 17 of 18