Cognitive_Development_Theories_Piaget_Vygotsky.pptx

jean piaget

1. Cognitive Development Theories Jean Piaget & Lev Vygotsky Prepared by: [Your Name]

2. Introduction What is Cognitive Development? • Process of how children acquire knowledge, think, and understand the world. • Focus Theories: - Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory - Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

3. Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory Main Idea: • Children actively construct knowledge through interactions with the environment. Key Concepts: • Schemas – Mental frameworks • Assimilation & Accommodation • Equilibration

4. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development 1. Sensorimotor (0–2 yrs): Learn through senses & actions 2. Preoperational (2–7 yrs): Symbolic thinking, egocentrism 3. Concrete Operational (7–11 yrs): Logical thinking about concrete events 4. Formal Operational (12+ yrs): Abstract and hypothetical reasoning

5. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Main Idea: • Cognitive development is influenced by social interactions and culture. Key Concepts: • More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) • Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) • Scaffolding

6. Piaget vs Vygotsky Piaget: • Limited role of social interaction • Fixed stages • Language as result of cognitive development Vygotsky: • Social interaction is crucial • No fixed stages • Language as tool for cognitive development

7. Classroom Implications Piaget: • Use hands-on activities • Allow self-discovery Vygotsky: • Encourage collaborative learning • Use guided practice (scaffolding)

8. Summary • Piaget: Individual cognitive growth through stages • Vygotsky: Social and cultural context drives learning

9. References Santrock, J. W. (2018). Essentials of life-span development. Ormrod, J. E. (2020). Human learning. McLeod, S. A. (2018). Piaget's stages of cognitive development.