Col0 nial rule

Colonial rule in India

1. COLONIAL RULE 1857-1947

2. SAJID ALI ROLL# 31 Department of History& Pakistan Studies University of The Punjab, Lahore.

3. LITERATURE RIVEW Britain in India by Masani. An advance history of India by R.C.Majumdar . Cambridge History of India vo1. History of British India by Sir William Hunter . vo2

4. ARRIVAL OF EUROPEAN FIRST OF ALL PUR TUGEES ARRIVED IN INDIA. THEY ARRIVED FOR TRADE . AT THAT TIME INDIA WAS FAMOUSE IN COTTON AND SPICIES . THEY USE SEA TOUTE . VASCO DA GAMA, WHO WAS FIRST ARRIVED IN INDIA AND LATER FRENCH ARRIVED IN INDIA FOR TRADE . AND THAN BRITISH ARRIVED IN INDIA AND FAUGHT WITH FRENCH AND OCCUPIED WHOLE IDIA FIRST OF ALL ,EAST INDIA COMPANY ARRIVED AND THAN INDIA WERE GOING TO UNDER KING OF BRITISH .

5. BRITISH ARRIVAL DOCTOR BANTON ,WHO COME HERE FOR TREATMENT OF OF EMPEROR AND THAN HE GOT PREMISSION FOR FREE TRADE IN INDIA . ESTABLISHED EAST INDIA COMPANY AND OCCUPIED BENGAL . THEY GET MOMBY IN 1668. WAR BETWEEN BRITISH AND INDIA .1 ST 1746,2 ND 1755,3 RD 1758 TO 63 , AND END OF FRENCH BRITISH CAPUTERED MAYSOUR ,NORTH INDIA ,SINDH ANH LATER PUNJAB .

6. 1857 WAR IN THE WORD OF K.ALI .THE REVOLT OF THE SEPOYS ACCOMPAINED BY THE CIVIL POPULATION WAS SO FERMENT THAT THE EVERY FIUNDATION OF BROTISH RULE IN INDIA . SME REASONS OF WAR POLICIES OF BRITISH ,HUMILIATION OF MUSLIM RULR,ADMINISTRATIN REFORMS , LANGYAGE ,JUDICIAL SYSTEM, AGRARIAN POLICY, TRADE, RELIGIOUS ,MILITRY ,ENFILED RIFLE ,FAT OF PIG AND COW USED

7. REASONS OF FAILURE ERA OF REVOLT RAMAINED LIMITED, LACK OF TECHNOLOGY , NATIVE RYLERS SUPPORT TO BRITISH AND ABSANCE OF CACABLE LEADERS. FINNAL BRITISH CAPUTERED WHOLE INDIA AND INDIA WAS GOING UNDER THE CROWN OF BRITISH. NOW STARTED THE COLONIAL RULE IN 1858.

8. COLONIAL TIME PERIOD COLONIAL TIME PERIOD 1857 TO 1947. DURING COLONIAL TIME ,THE BRITISH WAS PASSED SOME ACTS ,CONSTITITIONAL REFORMS IN INDIA . IN THIS PERIOD ARRIVED SOME VICEROYS AND SECRATARY IN INDIA FORM BRITISH GOVERNMENT . THEY ESTABLISHED ,RAILWAY ,ARMY AND ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA . THEY FOLLOWED THE POLICY OF DIVIDE AND QUIT

9. GOVERNMENT INDIA ACT BRITISH GOVT PASSED MANY ACTS FOR INDIA .SOME WERE BEFORE THE INDEPENDANCE WAR ,LIKE REGULATE ACT 1773, THE AMENDING ACT OF 1781, PITT’S ACT OF 1813., CHARTER ACT 1833, CHARATER ACT OF 1853 . GOVERNMENT INDIA ACT 1858 ACCORDIND TO IT ,ESTABLISHED THE CONTROL OF CROWN ON INDIA ,GOVERNOR GENERAL WAS TO BE CALL VICEROY AND HE WOULD CARRY ON BEHALF OF QUEEN . IT ABOLISHED THE BOARD OF CONTROL AND INSTEAD SUBMITTED A SECRETARY STATE OF INDIA

10. INDIA COUNCIL ACT IN 1861 . I was the first act wich was change in India after transference of territory form company to crown. In this time lord canning was a viceroy of India . Improve the working of of legislative council. Allowed to India join the council

11. INDIA COUNCIL ACT 1892 Both central and provincial were increasing the number of additional numbers MINTO MORLY REFORMS 1909 INDIA demand more power and than passed this act. Provincial L A C and their function were increased . The india were appointed to the executive council . S. P. SHINA was the first Indian joined GG’s council

12. GOVERMANT INDIA ACT 1919 IT IS ALSO CALLED Montague Chelmsford reforms. British government introduced more constitutional for india created the high commission for india . India was remain an integral part of British. It setup a bicameral legislature ,council of state being a upper and legislative assembly being the lower. It was created two new provinces.Sindh and Orissa. Divided of subject between central and provinces. Separate electorate for marginalized communitues

13. INDIANS STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE

14. FORMATION OF I.N.CONGRESS A.O. Hume establishes india national congress in 1885. In early time it are a moderate but later he became extremist During 1912 to 20 it was extremist party . But he played important role for independence of india . It was turning point of Indian . But unfortunately it became only Hindu party.

15. ALI GARH MOVEMENT HIS RELIGIOUS ,POLITICAL ,SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS . SCHOOL AT Moradabad and Ghazipur. Scientific society 1863. M.A.O. College 1875. Aligarh Instiitute Gazette. Muhammandan educational conference . Asar us sanadid .Tarik-e- sarkashi –e- Bijanor . Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq .life of Muhammad S.A.W.W. It played important role in independence movement of india as well as motivate to Indians

16. SILMA DEPUTATION IN 1906 a Muslim delegation meat with lord Minto consisted on 35 members. Demands . Separate electorate ,share in municipal district board ,universities and representation in viceroy council. It was the turning point if Muslim politics.

17. FORMANTION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE Established in 1906 at Dhaka. Take responsibilities of Muslim politics and move forward in the India politics and struggle for freedom movement. In the early days it was not well party ,but later he became the famous . It was the safeguard of Muslim right , give the tuff time to British . Later he win the separate state for Muslim.

18. LACKNOW PACT Muslim unity, efforts of Quaid-e- Azam . Cooperation of Congress and Muslim league against the British for rights . Acceptation of league demands . Separate electorate ,one third representation in legislative. Judiciary should be separate form executive Lacknow pact was a symbol of unity

19. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT Indians started this movement for the safety of Turky . Again joint movement of Indians . Hindu also joined this movement . It failed due to certain reasons but also a motivated to Indian people . Fatwa of migration declaring India as Dar ul Arab and later chora chori tragedy . But this movement created some dangerous elements among Muslim, Hindu and British.

20. DELHI MUSLIM PROPOSAL It was the beautiful dream of Hindu Muslim unity. Elements Sindh should be separate form Bombay . Provincial level should be formed N.W.F.P. and Baluchistan . One third representation .

21. SIMON COMMISSION British send a commission in india consisted on seven members ,they were British not only one form I ndia. Congress stood for the boycott of commission . Muslim league stood favor of the following proposal Sindh as a separate province. One third representation . Religious freedom. Minority rights . Simon commission failed due to some reasons

22. NEHRU REPORT The statement of Lord Birkenhead stirred of India political leaders accepted the challenge . All parties arrange a conference for future constitution of india ,but failed due to hard attitude of hindu leaders and Muslim league it without some Muslim political leaders . M.L. Nehru passed some statements against the Muslim interest , like replacement of separate electorate . Muslim league refused type of reports . Quaid-e- Azam passed fourteen points against the Nehru report

23. ALLAHABAD ADRESS 1930 Allama Iqbal addressed on the philosophy of separate nation as well as separate state . Dream of a separate state and motivate to Muslims of India . It was the starting point of proper freedom movement in India. He says ,should be separate Muslim state in north east of Hindustan.

24. ROUNDE TABLE CONFERENCES Governor General of India announced the decision of British government held conferences of all parties for the constitutional problems of India . Congress did not participate in first conference ,but joined second conference . Due to Hindu Muslim controversy ,these conference unsuccessful.

25. COMMUNAL AWARD British prime minister appeal to leaders in communal award. In this award ensure separate electorate ,and adopted weightage .

26. CONGRESS MINISTRIES 1937 to 1939. In the election of 1937 Muslim failed due to less winning the seats, and congress win majority in five provinces. Congress established government in the eight provinces with the help of smallers parties . Congress government adopted the aggressive poli cies . Banda Maaataram,warda scheme.

27. Warda scheme . Three color flag. Vidye scheme. Banned on cow slaughter .

28. Pirpur report Pirpur report was submitted by raja Mahdi pf pirpur wich account included of the events in all the provinces ruled by congress . Sharif report Sharif report wich confined its inquiry to Bihar

29. GOVERNMENT INDIA ACT 1935 It was last constitution of British ,it last until 1947. The grant of a large measure of autonomy to the provinces. The introduced the direct election ,increasing the franchise from seven to thirty million people. Sindh was separate form Bombay and Orissa was separate form Bihar. Burma was completely separate form India. Established a Crown colony. Indians appointed form government . Established a federal curt

30. Women were also allowed to vote in the election . The number of provinces were increase by giving the status of fully-fledged. Two house of Parliament at the central government .

31. LAHORE RESOLUTION 1940 It was passed in the annual session of Muslim league in 22 to 24 march . A.K. fazul haqq give in the session . it was a Lahore resolution but Hindus give it name of Pakistan resolution .British were equally hostile on it .Basically it was the really starting point of Pakistan movement, after it Muslim league achieve Pakistan

32. CRIPPS MISSION PLAN Cripps mission arrived from British under their Stafford Cripps in India to discussion with the India political leaders . A new India dominion associated with British commonwealth. After war a constitution making body would be setup future constitution of India . They suggestion be accept or reject . Both parties of India rejected this mission proposal.

33. THE QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT 1942 After the failed the Cripps mission plan all congress launched this movement . British arrested ten thousand political people of India . It was failed because weak coordination .

34. THE DESAI LIAQUAT PACT On 23 march 1940 Muslim league declared Pakistan final goal of Muslim . In march 1944 make a compromise between Congress and Muslim league . scheme suggestion Muslim league should be cooperate with Congress for complete independence . In the event of separation the two state make agreement .

35. WAVEL PLAN 1945 In 1943 lord Wavell became the viceroy of India . Due to war position British was not well at that time Wavell attempted another plan . He called all parties conference at Shimla . It proposed interim government should be founded equal number of members from Congress and Muslim League .

36. CABINET MISSION PLAN Labor party came in power in British in 1945 ,he ordered holding the election in India provinces . Members of this plan Lord Phatic Lawrence ,Sir Stafford and A.V. Alexander . when this mission came in India at that time both parties Muslim league and Congress were fought political fight . Mission held negotiation with both parties .

37. clause of formula Grouping of province ,there were three groups . States power. Provincial subjects . short term plan In this plan all members of constituent assembly were to be Indians .

38. THE RADCLIFF AWAED According to this plan made a commission for the divided of boundaries of Punjab and Bengal. Four members of every provinces for this purpose ,they were judges of high court . At last ,Radcliff passed final decision about it

39. End of colonial period Al last colonial period was end in 1947 Hindustan divided into two state PAKISTAN and INDIA End of British rule in India .

40. VICEROY Before the war of independence 1858 no concept of viceroy in India . It’s post of Governor General ,but after the war India going under the direct crown than Governor change into viceroy . list of viceroys Lord Canning 1856 to 62. Lord Elgin 1862 to 63 .

41. Lord Lawrence 1864 to 1869 Lord Mayo 1869 to 1872. Lord Northbrook 1872-1876 Lord Litton 1876-1880 Lord Rippon 1880-1884 Lord Differn 1884-1888 Lord Lansdowne 1888-1893 Lord Elgin II 1894-1899 Lord Curzon 1899-1905

42. Viceroys Lord Minto 1905-1910 Lord Harding 1910-1916 Lord Chelmsford 1916-1921 Lord Reading 1921-1926 Lord Irwin 1926-1931 Lord Willingdon 1931-1936 Lord Linlithgo 1936-1944 Lord Wavell 1944-1947 Lord Mountbaten March 1947-August 1947( later he became the 1 st Governor General of India)

43. ADMINISTRATION Constitutional Reforms . Railway routes . Strong Communication system . New judicial system. Established Canals colonies . Upper Chenab ,Lower Chenab,Upper Jhelum ,Lower Jhelum. New Army system . Trade .

44. CAUSES OF END OF COLONIAL RULE Political awareness in Indians . Growth of literacy rate in Indians. End of slave system in in world because people were more aware of right . Awareness of right in Indians. Some powerful freedom movement in india . World war one and two . Capable leaders of Indians . Constitutional development . Rising some others power in world. End of expandism in BRITISH

45. CONCLUSION End of Muslim role on whole India . Clashes between Hindu and Muslim politics . British lest a new administration in India. Some merits and demerits of British administration . During this period Muslim bearded much pains,problems,suffering . Both Hindus and British had snatched the right of Muslim. Muslim achieve a separate state form Hindu . British left English language and education

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