College Genetics Quiz, identification of terms and terminologies .pptx

Introduction of Genetics, Branches, Stages of Meiosis and Mitosis

1. 1. A specific sequence of nucleotides that encode specific proteins . 2. The study of influence of varying genetics on animal behavior. 3. Field of genetics to diagnose and treat and counsel of genetic disorders. 4. It focus on structure of gene. 5. Subfields of classical genetics. 6. Knowledge of large scale of genetic patterns. 7. Manipulation of genes . 8. It was derived from Greek word “Gene” which means ‘to become’ or ‘to grow into’. 9. Carries the genetic information in the body’s cells. 10. Are pairs or series of genes on a chromosome that determine the hereditary characteristics

2. 11. produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele, which can come from just one parent. 12. produce a recessive phenotype, the individual must have two copies, one from each parent. 13. is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits 14. means you carry two genes that are the same for each trait . 15. an organism which has different alleles of the gene 16. Genes are packaged in bundles called 17 . one of the two identical parts of the chromosome 18. the point where two chromatids attach 19. group of molecules that when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA and RNA 20. series of three adjacent bases in one polynucleotide chain of a DNA or RNA molecule which codes for a specific amino acid

3. 21. the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that determines the amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins 22. Diseases which are present at birth . 23. Diseases which are derived from one’s parents and transmitted in the gametes through the generations 24. A permanent heritable change in a gene or chromosomal structure and are important in the causation of cancer and some congenital diseases 25. Substitution of a single nucleotide base by a different base . 26. one or more base pairs alters the reading frame of the DNA strand . 27. involve a deletion or insertion of one or two base pairs within a coding sequence of a gene. 

4. 28. The handing down of certain traits from parents to their offspring. 29 . The proportion of a particular allele among the chromosomes carried by individuals in a population. 30. A collection of information about a person's genes.  31. All the genetic material in the chromosomes of a particular organism; its size is generally given as its total number of base pairs 32. A chromosome not involved in sex determination 33. The X or Y chromosome in human beings that determines the sex of an individual. Females have two X chromosomes in diploid cells; males have an X and a Y chromosome. 34. The position on a chromosome of a gene. The specific physical location of a gene on a chromosome. 

5. 35. is how traits, or characteristics, are passed on from generation to generation . 36. The Father of Genetics 37. the types of genes (Alleles) present . 38. show how crosses are made 39. the chances/ percentages that something will occur . 40. is the point where microtubules of the spindle apparatus attach 41. are the region of DNA at the end of the linear eukaryotic chromosome that are required for the replication and stability of the chromosome

6. 42.

7. 43. chromosome have the centromere at the centre of the chromosome so that it appears to have two approximately equal arms . 44. chromosomes have centromere away from the centre of the chromosome so that one arm is longer than the other. 45. chromosomes have centromere towards one end of the chromosome so that it appears to have one arm with a stalk and often with a bulb-like structure on it 46. chromosomes have the centromere at one end of the chromosome so that it appears to have only one arm 47. is a process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.

8. 48. the cell prepares for DNA 49. chromosome replication, which takes place in 50 . stage the cell prepares for cell division 51. the process where one cell splits off from its sister cell 52. Chromosomes condenses, the nuclear envelope dissolves, centrioles (if present) divide and migrate, kinetochores and kinetochore fibers form, and the spindle forms. 53. The chromosomes (which at this point consist of chromatids held together by a centromere) migrate to the equator of the spindle, where the spindles attach to the kinetochore fibers 54. begins with the separation of the centromeres, and the pulling of chromosomes (we call them chromosomes after the centromeres are separated) to opposite poles of the spindle.

9. 55. when the chromosomes reach the poles of their respective spindles, the nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes uncoil into chromatin form 56.

10. 57. 58.

11. 59. Plants and most other eukaryotic organisms lack this spindle apparatus 60 . to serve as a brace for the functioning of the spindle fibers.