COLONIAL LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES HH

COLONIAL LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. INTRODUCTION: NICHOL P. PANZUELO CHAPTER III: COLONIAL LITERATURE

2. LITERATURE DRILL ARE YOU READY TO ANSWER SOME QUESTIONS?

3. Question 1. What is the first book printed in the Philippines?

4. ANSWER DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA

5. Question It is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.

6. ANSWER BALAGTASAN

7. Question It is farewell song; the title is the name of the boy to whom the singer is saying goodbye.

8. ANSWER DANDANSOY

9. Question It is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political proble .

10. ANSWER ZARZUELA

11. Spanish colonization in the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor-general in the Philippines. Literature started to flourish during his time. The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more tha n three centuries. Historical Background

12. The Spanish colonizers wanted to undermine the native oral tradition by substituting for it the story of the Passion of Christ. However, the native tradition survived and even flourished in areas inaccessible to the Spaniards. The church authorities adopted a policy of spreading the Church doctrines by communicating to the natives in their own language. DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA (1593) The first book to be printed in the Philippines, was a prayer book written in Spanish with an accompanying Tagalog translation.

13. The task of translating religious instructional materials forced the Spanish missionaries to employ native as translators. Eventually, these natives learned to read and write both in Spanish and in their native tongue. Ladinos – bilingual natives; they published their works, mainly devotional poetry, in the first decade of the 17 th century. GASPAR AQUINO DE BELEN – the most gifted among the ladinos. He wrote the Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu Christo, a Tagalog poem based on Christ’s passion, was published in 1704.

14. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent many of its words to our language. The periodicals during these times gained a religious tone. Spanish Influences on the Philippine Literature

15. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano, and Visayan. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos and moro- moros. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects. Until the 19 th century, the printing presses that published literary works were owned and managed by religious order. Thus, religious themes dominated the literature of the time.

16. Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched the languages in the lowlands, introduced theater which we would come to known as komedya , the sinakulo , the sarswela , the playlets and the drama . Spain also brought to the country, though at a much later time, liberal ideas and an internationalism that influenced our own Filipino intellectuals and writers for them to understand the meanings of “liberty and freedom.” Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry.

17. Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. Fernando Bagonbanta’s “ Salamat nang walang hanga/gracias de sin sempiternas ” (Unending thanks) is a fine example that is found in the Memorial de la vida cristiana en lengua tagala (Guidelines for the Christian life in the Tagalog language) published in 1605.

18. Another form of religious lyrics are the meditative verses like the dalit appended to novenas and catechisms . It has no fixed meter nor rime scheme although a number are written in octosyllabic quatrains and have a solemn tone and spiritual subject matter. But among the religious poetry of the day, it is the pasyon in octosyllabic quintillas that became entrenched in the Filipino’s commemoration of Christ’s agony and resurrection at Calvary. Gaspar Aquino de Belen’s “ Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong Panginoon natin na tola ” (Holy Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Verse) put out in 1704 is the country’s earliest known pasyon .

19. NUESTRA SENORA DEL ROSARIO It contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers on religion. LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POSTRIMERIAS DEL HOMBRE First written book in typography. ANG BARLAAN AT JOSEPHAT Biblical Story printed in the Philippines and the first Tagalog novel printed in the Philippines even though it is only a translation. Some of the books published during this time:

20. THE PASION This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ. URBANA AT FELISA by Modesto de Castro, Father of Classical Prose in Tagalog Influenced greatly the behavior of the people in the society. ANG MGA DALIT KAY MARIA (Psalms of Mary) Collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary.

21. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the Tagalog Language) Translated to Tagalog by Tomas Pinpin in 1610 Written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog Language) Written by Fr. Gaspar de San Agustin in 1703 Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary) First Tagalog dictionary written by Fr. Pedro de San Bueneventura in 1613. Literary Compositions

22. 3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampanga vocabulary) - the first book written in Pampango written by Fr. Diego in 1732 4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary) Best Visayan language book Written by Mataeo Sanchez in 1711 5. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano Language) - First Ilocano grammar book by Francisco Lopez 6. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol Language) - First book in the Bicol Language by Fr. Marcos Libson in 1754

23. Mi Ultimo Adios, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo by Jose Rizal Dasal at Tocsohan by Marcelo H. del Pilar Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa by Andres Bonifacio Ninay by Pedro Paterno Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar Ibong Adarna by Jose dela Cruz Filipino Works during Spanish Times

24. Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. Each region had its national song from the lowlands to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Examples of Folk Songs Leron-leron Sinta (Tagalog) Pamulinawen (Iloko) Dandansoy (Bisaya) Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing (Kapampangan) Sarong Banggi (Bicol) FOLK SONGS

25. LERON-LERON SINTA – this song depicts humbleness. It’s the story of a man who tries to show what he got to win the heart of his beloved one. PAMULINAWEN – a song about a man courting and pledging his love to a beautiful girl named Pamulinawen. DANDANSOY – a farewell song; the title is the name of the boy to whom the singer is saying goodbye. ATIN CU PUNG SING-SING – the song is a request from a lady who lost her ring given by her mother. She will give her heart to a man who can find the beloved ring.

26. There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in poetic form. 1. Tibag – the word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died through a dramatic performance RECREATIONAL PLAYS

27. Lagaylay – this is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together. This also shows praise, respct and offering love to the Blessed Cross by St. Helena and the mound she dug in. The Cenaculo – this is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. Panunuluyan – this is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus.

28. Salubong – an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest. This shadow play is made by projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet. The figures are moved like marionettes whose dialogues are produced by some experts. The Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political proble.

29. Sainete – a short musical comedy that were exagerrated and shown between long plays. The Moro-Moro – a play that depicts a Christian princess who is captured by the Mohammedans. The father organizes a rescue party where fighting between the Moros and Christians ensues. Awit – fabricated stories from writer’s imagination although the setting and characters are European; refers to chanting. Corrido – were usually on legends or stories from European countries like France, Spain, Italy, and Greece; refers to narration.

30. Karagatan – this is a poetic vehicle of a socio- religious nature celebrated during the death of a person. Duplo – this replaced the Karagatan; this is just a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. Balagtasan – a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue. Dung-aw – a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead.