Color cosmetics

These slides are to teach Chemistry in make for VTC diploma qualification of Make up. This work was done by my wife. She is very help for me in developing learning materials for my students.

1. Colour Cosmetics

2. Colour Cosmetics Colorants are ingredients that, alone or in combination with other ingredients, impart or alter the color of the product.

3. Color Cosmetics Colors in cosmetics is contributed by an extensive range of dyes and pigments. A Dye is a soluble coloring agent. It colors a product by dissolving in it. It colors the skin by penetrating the surface. A Pigment is an insoluble powder color. These color the skin by coating it with a film of pigment. Because pigments not actually absorbed by skin, so easily cleansed away.

4. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Colorants are used to make products attractive and appealing. Types : Cosmetic colorants are classified as either organic or inorganic. Organic colors are synthetic, chemically very complex molecule, are available as either water soluble, oil soluble. Water soluble dyes are used for coloring soaps, lotions, creams, powders, salts, etc. Natural materials used to color cosmetics, like carrot oil, beet extract and henna, are also considered

5. Types Inorganic colorants are composed of insoluble metallic compounds derived from natural sources or are synthesized. The following are inorganic pigments commonly used in makeup . Chromium Dioxides  Iron Oxides.

6. White Pigments White pigments are widely used in all cosmetics. Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide are the most commonly used in cosmetics.

7. White Pigments Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891 )- Titanium Dioxide is used to impart a whiteness to color cosmetics and it helps to increase the opacity, and reduce the transparency of a product formula. . Also, it acts as a preservative and sunscreen by reflecting light. Zinc Oxide (CI 77947) —  Zinc Oxide, a white powder, is used in a wide range of cosmetics.

8. Alcohols A fatty alcohol that acts as an emulsifier and emollient.

9. Isopropyl alcohol, Butyl alcohol, Cetyl alcohol A cheap filler ingredient, a preservative, a carrier ingredient to carry the other active ingredients into the skin cells, or to help evaporate the oils used in the product. Alcohol in cosmetics typically consists of one or more of three types of chemical additives: ethyl, isopropyl and methyl. Isopropyl alcohol is found in most hand lotions, hair color rinses, body rubs, after-shave, fragrances and many other cosmetics.

10. Cetyl Alcohol Cetyl alcohol is a long chain alcohol which is solid. It is also not absorbed through the skin when applied as a cream.

11. Waxes

12. Waxes Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are hydrophobic . Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in organic, nonpolar solvents . Waxes are synthesized by many plants and animals. Those of animal origin typically consist of wax esters derived from a variety of carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols .E.g Beeswax - produced by honey bees Chinese wax - produced by the scale insect Lanolin (wool wax) - from the sebaceous glands of sheep Honeybees produce a natural wax, secreting it from glands on the sides of their bodies . It is natural and non-toxic.

13. Uses of Bee wax Humectant : It attract water molecules, helping to keep skin hydrated over time . Fragrance : Beeswax has a natural honey fragrance, and is a favorite in soaps and perfumes because of its pleasant, light aroma. Protective : When applied to the skin, beeswax forms a protective barrier that helps protect it from environmental assaults, while also holding in moisture and reducing dryness. This is one of the reasons beeswax is often used in lip balms . Thickening agent: which means that it can help thicken creams to make them easier to use and more spreadable on the skin. .

14. Sunscreens Sunscreen , also known as sunscream , is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn

15. Organic and inorganic sunscreens “Mineral ” sunscreens typically refer to zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, which are chemical compounds labeled “inorganic” because they do not contain carbon atoms in their overall structure. ‘Chemical ” sunscreens are made up of carbon-containing molecules that absorb light, and because they contain carbon, chemists refer to them as “organic .” Example: Ethylhexyl salicylate, O xybenzone , T itanium and Z inc oxide .

16. Oxybenzone When an organic molecule has a lot of double bonds , it’s good at absorbing UV light, the same light that we are trying to block using sunlight. This is what makes oxybenzone a good sunscreen. Oxybenzone is a clear sunscreen, meaning that it is relatively easy to apply and does not have a white appearance. Most importantly, oxybenzone absorbs UV light and protects skin from UV damage, which makes it a good sunscreen.

17. Zinc oxide and Titanium dioxide sunscreen Zinc oxide and titanium oxide sunscreens are also both very effective at blocking UV light from skin through a combination of scattering and absorbing the UV light. Both of these compounds are white and produce an opaque appearance on the skin.

18. Antioxidants An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, leading to chain reactions that may damage cells.

19. Example of Antioxidants Vitamin C: or Ascorbic acid is a monosaccharide oxidation-reduction (redox) catalyst found in both animals and plants.

20. Vitamin E Is a fat-soluble compound. It is also known as Vitamin E. What it does:  Acts as an antioxidant, protecting the skin from free-radicals. As well, it has anti-inflammatory properties and aids in moisturizing the skin. Where you’ll find it:  Found in most beauty products;  shampoo, conditioner,  skincare products, bath & body products, foundations, and even mascara. sebum provides a delivery mechanism for vitamin E to the stratum corneum, topical applications of vitamin E permeate the epidermis and dermis

21. Vitamin A Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid . Vitamin A, and more specifically, retinoic acid, appears to maintain normal skin health by switching on genes and differentiating keratinocytes (immature skin cells) into mature epidermal cells.

22. Coenzyme Q 10 Coenzyme Q 10 , also known as ubiquinone , coenzyme Q. This fat-soluble substance. This compound inhibits both the initiation and the propagation of lipid and protein oxidation. It also regenerates other antioxidants such as vitamin E .